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This chapter describes various kinds of artificial light sources of interest to the photobiologist (natural light is described in separate chapters), starting with incandescent lamps and their properties, and continuing with gas discharge lamps, flashlamps, light-emitting diodes, and lasers. After a section on light filters, the chapter concludes with a treatment of monochromators, in which the mo
'Understanding the Arab World': This paper was presented at "Tempus Information Days" held in Stockholm, September 6-7 2006. The paper tackles the issue of misunderstanding the other and high lightens encounters between the Arab World and the West.
Practices in reading of family letters from the 19th century. Family, men and women, children, relations between the sexes.
How can qualitative and emotional aspects from users be mapped at the same time as they get something meaningful in return? This case study has developed the use of cultural probes [1] with a selection of ten families with small children in the Öresund region. The idea was to evoke thoughts about recreation and living for the probe users while providing information and inspiration to the scientist
We evaluated the durability of autologous chondrocyte transplantation grafts in 61 patients treated for isolated cartilage defects on the femoral condyle or the patella and followed up for a mean of 7.4 years (range, 5 to 11). Durability was determined by comparing the clinical status at the long-term follow-up with that found 2 years after the transplantation. After 2 years, 50 of the 61 patients
Even though B-lymphocyte development is one of the best understood models for cell differentiation in the hematopoetic system, recent advances in cell sorting and functional genomics has increased this understanding further. This has suggested that already early lymphoid primed multipotent progenitor cells (LMPPs) express low levels of lymphoid restricted transcripts. The expression of these genes
The combination of features from the public and private sectors in jointly owned companies imposes challenges to the governance and control mechanisms of these organisations, which have been criticised for lacking accountability. Where there is fragmented ownership, the interests of different owners need to be coordinated. The aim of this article is to consider how such companies can be governed i
We have computed the Galactic trajectories of 12 hypervelocity stars (HVSs) under the assumption that they originated in the Galactic Centre. We show that eight of these 12 stars are bound to the Galaxy. We consider the subsequent trajectories of the bound stars to compute their characteristic orbital period, which is 2 Gyr. All eight bound stars are moving away from the centre of the Galaxy, whic
There is considerable loss of DM during wet heat treatment of vegetables, leading to an increase in dietary fibre. Correction for the loss of DM indicates that the effects on total dietary fibre are minor. There is, however, depolymerization of the dietary fibre polysaccharides. The degradation is related to the severity of the heat treatment. Souring, freezing and mild microwave treatment have no
Purpose: This study described person–environment (P–E) fit and activities of daily living (ADLs) among older adults, and it explored the relationship between P–E fit and ADL dependence, testing Lawton's docility hypothesis at two points in time. Design and Methods: From a random sample of individuals aged 75–84 living in a Swedish municipality, 72 persons were available for baseline and follow-up
Peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) has over the years become one of the most commonly used tools for high-throughput analysis and identification of proteins. This method is applicable when relatively simple samples have to be analysed and it is commonly used for analysing proteins previously separated by 2-DE. The most common type of instrument used for this approach is the MALDI-TOF that has prove
Molecular evolution approaches to developing molecules with characteristics particularly suited for specific applications have become important tools in biomedicine and biotechnology. Not only is it possible to identify molecules with specificities that cannot easily be obtained by other means, but it is also possible to fine-tune in an efficient manner the properties for, in principle, any specif
Development of type-II collagen (CII)-induced arthritis (CIA) is dependent on activation of CII-reactive T cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are believed to play a crucial role in antigen-specific priming of T cells but it is still unclear how the CII-reactive T cells are primed since Langerhans cells (LCs) are poor antigen-presenting cells for CII. In the present study we show that LCs, treated with c
