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The clinical trials with intrastriatal transplantation of human fetal mesencephalic tissue, rich in dopaminergic neurons, in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients show that cell replacement can work and in some cases induce major, long-lasting improvement. However, owing to poor tissue availability, this approach can only be applied in very few patients, and standardization is difficult, leading to wi

Glycoproteins are ubiquitous in nature and fundamental to most biological processes, including the human immune system. The glycoprotein carbohydrate moieties, or glycans, are very diverse in their structure and composition, and have major effects on the chemical, physical and biological properties of these glycoproteins. The hydrolysis of glycoprotein glycans by bacterial glycosidases can have dr

Denkpsychologie has been important for the development of psychology as well as of philosophy during the last century. More specifically, cognitive psychology as well as Karl Popper's evolutionary epistemology were both influenced by Otto Selz's cognitive psychology. Without doubt, Selz played a role in the development of Popper's thinking, but Michel ter Hark has not given convincing evidence for

A combination of hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange and limited proteolysis experiments coupled to mass spectrometry analysis was used to depict the conformation in solution of HAMLET, the folding variant of human alpha-lactalbumin, complexed to oleic acid, that induces apoptosis in tumor and immature cells. Although near- and far-UV CD and fluorescence spectroscopy were not able to discriminate be

This article sets out to describe and explain the events that led, in the summer of 1967, to political chaos and near civil war in many parts of China. It links the violence on the ground to statements and policies formulated at the highest levels of the CCP and sets out to show how and why Mao Zedong himself must bear direct personal responsibility for what stands out as one of the darkest chapte

The molecular conservation of a surface-exposed lipoprotein, protein D, of Haemophilus influenzae was studied by cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding protein D from three encapsulated type b strains and three nontypeable strains of H. influenzae. These nucleotide sequences were analyzed with previously reported sequences from one type b strain and one nontypeable strain. The nucleotide sequ

Carotenoids are, along with chlorophylls, crucial pigments involved in light-harvesting processes in photosynthetic organisms. Details of carotenoid to chlorophyll energy transfer mechanisms and their dependence on structural variability of carotenoids are as yet poorly understood. Here, we employ femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to reveal energy transfer pathways in the peridinin-chl

In this paper, we discuss how the structural and observational properties of globular clusters (GCs) can be used to infer the presence of a black hole system (BHS) inhabiting their inner regions. We propose a novel way to define the BHS size as the radius from the GC centre within which half of the mass is in stellar mass BHs and the remaining half is in other stars. Using this definition, similar

There have been increasing theoretical speculations and observational indications that certain globular clusters (GCs) could contain a sizeable population of stellar mass black holes (BHs). In this paper, we shortlist at least 29 Galactic GCs that could be hosting a subsystem of BHs (BHS). In a companion paper, we analysed results from a wide array of GC models (simulated with the MOCCA code for c

As part of the “enlightened” reform activity, Gustav III issued a Tolerance Edict for “foreign believers” in 1781. This law allowed Catholic immigrants to publicly practice their religion. The members of the Reformed communities had already been granted the same rights, and in 1782 the ban on Jewish immigration was abolished. According to previous research, these edicts of toleration, in addition

This update of the Ok (OK) blood group system (Smart EA, Storry JR. The OK blood group system: a review. Immunohematology 2010;26:124-6) focuses on new information on the role of basigin (BSG), the carrier molecule of the Ok blood group antigens. No further antigens have been identified since the original review. However, the role of BSG in malaria continues to be explored. Immunohematology 2021;

Pragmadialektiikan maailmanvalloitus alkoi kaksikymmentäviisi vuotta sitten. Tänään se on yhtä tunnettu kuin jo viisikymmentä vuotta täyttäneet Toulminin ja Perelmanin uraauurtavat argumentaation teoriat. Arviot pragmadialektiikasta kuitenkin vaihtelevat huomattavan paljon. J. Anthony Blair on esimerkiksi luonnehtinut sitä maailman tärkeimmäksi argumentaation teoriaksi tänä päivänä. John Woodsin m