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Uppsatsen syftar till att klarlägga huruvida civilpersoner i en internationellt väpnad konflikt som delar militär information genom en mobilapplikation riskerar att förlora sitt civila skydd. Uppsatsen tar sikte på bestämmelsen om direkt deltagande i fientligheterna som återfinns i artikel 51(3) tilläggsprotokoll 1 till Genevekonventionen. Uppsatsen syftar även till att kritiskt undersöka vilka prThe aim of the essay is to investigate whether a civilian sharing military intelligence through a smartphone application during an ongoing international armed conflict risks to lose their civilian protection. The essay primarily concentrates on the notion of direct participation, as can be found in article 51(3) in Protocols Additional I to the Geneva Conventions. The paper will also examine what

I 29 kap. 6 § BrB regleras förutsättningarna för påföljdseftergift. Bestämmelsen har tre kumulativa rekvisit: att den tilltalade har funnits skyldig till brottet, att det finns förmildrande omständigheter samt att en påföljd framstår som uppenbart oskälig. De förmildrande omständigheterna i 29 kap. 5 § BrB, som påföljdseftergift grundas på, kallas ”billighetsskäl” och hänför sig till omständigheteThe prerequisites for remission of sanctions are regulated in chapter 29, 6 § of the Swedish penal code (BrB). The regulation has three cumulative prerequisites: that the defendant has been found guilty, that there are mitigating circumstances and that a sanction, with regard to these circumstances, is obviously unreasonable. The mitigating circumstances, that are regulated in chapter 29, 5 § BrB,

The Swedish government has committed to a steep increase in renewable energy production, with the aim that Sweden's energy supply should become entirely renewable by 2040. One of the renewable energy forms that is currently under expansion is wind power, with approximately a third of existing installed capacity in the four northernmost provinces. In these provinces, however, the wind power dev

Context: Adiponectin is a key insulin-sensitizing adipokine acting on muscle metabolism via two specific receptors [adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, respectively)]. Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic and nongenetic control of plasma adiponectin and muscle AdipoR1/R2 gene expression and the impact of these components on in vivo glucose and fat metabo

Cellulose, a polysaccharide consisting of beta-1,4-linked glucose, is the major component of plant cell walls and consequently one of the most abundant biopolymers on earth. Carbohydrate polymers such as cellulose are molecules with vast diversity in structure and function, and a multiplicity of hydrolases operating in concert are required for depolymerisation. The bacterium Rhodothermus marinus,

Objective The effect of salt restriction on blood pressure is under intense debate. We tested the effect of 100 mmol salt reduction on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in 46 Swedish individuals, 39 of whom completed the study, using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Furthermore, we tested whether the basal plasma concentration of renin or N-terminal atrial natriuretic peptide (N

Identification of risk factors for osteoporosis has been essential for understanding the development of osteoporosis and related fragility fractures. A polymorphism of the binding site for the transcription factor Sp1 of the collagen I alpha 1 gene (COLIA1) has shown an association to bone mass and fracture, but the findings have not been consistent, which may be related to population differences.

The current status of overexploited fish stocks worldwide and increasing stakeholder expectations that retailers should responsibly source products have led to an increasing number of food retailers committing to sell sustainable seafood. Yet, the complexity and variety of seafood supply chains and the challenge inherent in the verification of sustainability qualities suggest that the implementati

Fält-, mikroskop-, och litteraturstudier har utförts för att fastställa karakteristika rörande litologi och fauna i den mellanordoviciska (darriwilian, undre kunda), märkliga “täljstenen” (kalksten) och dess omgivande lager, som går i dagen vid Kinnekulle i Västergötland. En 2,6 m mäktig bergartssekvens har provtagits, resulterande i tunnslip och syraresistenta residualer. Både litologi och fauna Lithologic and faunal characteristics of the anomalous lower Kundan (Darriwilian, Middle Ordovician) 'Täljsten' limestone interval and its enclosing strata have been studied at Kinnekulle (Västergötland, south-central Sweden). A 2.6 m thick rock succession has been sampled, resulting in thin-sections and acid-insoluble residues. Both lithology and fauna change markedly throughout the succe

Immigrants, particularly unskilled ones from less developed countries, are identified as one of the most vulnerable groups worldwide. They face various difficulties in order to integrate into their new countries in virtue of cultural differences and inadequate competence and knowledge. An increasing group of them are excluded from the labour market and society which in turn exacerbate their vulner

The European Union aims at being an ethical actor on the global arena and the EU development-policy is directed towards achieving long-term socio-economic development, with a specific focus on Sub-Saharan Africa, where development is showing little progress, and food security and agricultural development is at the top of the agenda. The EU is both the biggest market and the biggest aid-donor for

Abstract Failures in achieving the 2010 goals of slowing down or halting the loss of biodiversity, and the setting of new biodiversity targets set for 2020, stress an urgent need to expand current reserve networks and to improve their effectiveness in protecting species and habitats. Habitat suitability models, and derived maps from them, are among the broadest used tools for identifying the ecol

Aerosol-cloud interactions contribute to a large portion of the spread in estimates of climate forcing, climate sensitivity and future projections. An important part of this uncertainty is how much new particle formation (NPF) contributes to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and, furthermore, how this changes with changes in anthropogenic emissions. Incorporating NPF and early growth in Earth system

Background/Aim: The association between alcohol consumption and pancreatic cancer is not clear. This study investigates different prediagnostic measurements of alcohol consumption, a laboratory marker (gamma-glutamyltransferase; gamma-GT), and a score measuring alcohol addiction (Mm-MAST), in relation to the risk of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, the study investigated whether smoking and alcohol

In Sweden the main exposure route for persistent organochlorine pollutants (POP) is through consumption of fatty fish from the Baltic Sea (off the eastern coast). The present study aimed to investigate whether intrauterine exposure for POP may have negative impact on children's weight and height at 4 and 7 years of age, respectively. The study included 174 fishermen's wives from the Swedish east c

Abstract is not available

I följande uppsats kommer jag att undersöka rättsprincipen negotiorum gestio. Principen stadgar rätten till ersättning vid ingripande för annans intresse vid den personens frånvaro. Den hjälpande kallas gestor och den som åtnjuter tjänsten huvudman. Rättsinstitutet har historia tillbaka till det romerska riket och har sedan dess levt kvar rättsbildningen. I Sverige har aldrig någon kodifikation avThe following essay investigates the principle of negotiorum gestio – also known as benevolent intervention. The core actors of the principle are the helper called gestor and the helped called dominus. The principle regulates reimbursements to the gestor when managing dominus business in their absence. The principles emerged in the ancient roman empire due to its massive expansion and is still rec