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Världshälsoorganisationen har, med hänsyn till den världsomfattande urbaniseringen och åldrandet, föreslagit att tillgängliga grönområden i städers utomhusmiljöer är en viktig aspekt för det hälsofrämjande åldrande. Med anledning av att det främst är den äldre andelen av äldre som ökar globalt, fokuserar denna studie på att undersöka tillgängligheten av grönområden för de äldre som bor i boenden sThe World Health Organization, have due to the current worldwide urbanisation and ageing trends, proposed that having available Urban Green Spaces (UGS) is an important factor for ensuring healthy ageing in urban areas. Since it is particularly the oldest proportion of the older adults that are increasing in global population statistics, this study focused exclusively on available UGS based on old

I juli 2024 överlämnade regeringen betänkandet Ett ändamålsenligt samhällsskydd – Vissa reformer av straff- och straffverkställighetslagstiftningen (SOU 2024:48). Syftet med utredningen var att stärka skyddet för samhället, öka tryggheten för brottsoffer samt skärpa konsekvenserna vid återfall eller misskötsamhet. En del av uppdraget var att överväga införandet av en ny tids-obestämd frihetsberövaIn July 2024, the Swedish government submitted the report ”An Appropriate Protection of Society – Some Reforms to Criminal Law and Penal Enforcement Legislation" (Ett ändamålsenligt samhällsskydd – Vissa reformer av straff- och straffverkställighetslagstiftningen, SOU 2024:48). The aim of the government inquiry was to strengthen public safety, increase protection for the victim of crime, and

Konflikten mellan den personliga integriteten och rättsväsendets möjligheter att använda olika typer av hemliga tvångsmedel är en klassisk fråga inom juridiken. En fråga som jag anser har fått för lite uppmärksamhet är dock hur den moderna datortekniken påverkar den diskussionen. I min uppsats har jag därför fokuserat på tre områden. För det första har jag undersökt hur flera hemliga tvångsmedel,The conflict between the personal integrity and the judiciary’s ability to use different kinds of secret coercive means is a classic question within the school of law. A question, which I believe has gotten too little attention, is how modern computer technology affects this discussion. In my paper, I have therefore focused on three areas. First, I have researched how several secret coercive mean

FN-stadgans våldsförbud sätter upp ett absolut förbud mot våldsanvändning stater emellan, och endast en situation av självförsvar eller med mandat från säkerhetsrådet kan en stat få rätt att göra undantag från förbudet. Detta till trots finns det många exempel på fall av våldshandlingar som går utanför förbudets ramar, så kallade humanitära interventioner, och man har i dessa situationer hänvisat The UN Charter sets up an absolute prohibition on the use of force between states, and only a situation of self-defense or a mandate from the Security Council can give the right to make exceptions to the ban. Despite this, there are many examples of cases of violence that goes beyond the prohibition framework, so-called humanitarian interventions, and to justify those operations references to inte

Det kan antas vara svårt för en domare att granska sakkunnigbevisning utan att själv besitta samma kunskap som den sakkunnige. Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta reda på hur rätten går tillväga för att granska sakkunnigbevisning och att undersöka hur denna granskning eventuellt skulle kunna förbättras. Särskilt fokus riktas mot situationer då fler sakkunniga presenterar motstridiga uppgifter i samIt can be assumed that it is a difficult task for a judge to evaluate expert evidence, while not possessing the required specialist knowledge. The purpose with this thesis is to examine how the court evaluates expert evidence and how that evaluation could be improved, particularly in situations where several experts present contradictory positions on the same issue. By researching legal literatur

Climate change is one of the defining challenges of our time. The EU has recognised the need to limit global warming to 1.5°C to avoid catastrophic environmental, societal, and economic consequences. This political ambition is anchored in legal obligations. Article 11 TFEU requires that environmental protection be integrated into all EU policies and activities. However, despite this constitutional

This thesis is comprised of five papers that are all related to the subject of financial time series. We study statistical aspects of conditional heteroskedastic models commonly used in modelling financial volatility. Paper I discusses the performance of commonly known information criteria in the presence of various GARCH processes. The investigation has been performed using Monte Carlo simulatio

This licentiate thesis builds on an interest in scholarly communication and social networks within in library and information science, in particular in the area of information seeking and use. The specific purpose is to create a scientifically founded understanding of how the interaction of caring scientists in social networks contributes to the scientists sense-making in their research practice.

Biopiracy is defined as the commercial development of naturally occurring biological materials, such as plant substances or genetic cell lines, by a technologically advanced country or organisation without fair compensation to the peoples or nations in whose territory the materials were originally discovered. The problem is growing but as of today, there is no common view on how this problem shoul

Created in the aftermath of the Second World War the United Nations and its bodies do not represent the world that we live in today. The effectiveness and the usefulness of the organisation have been questioned and the need for a reformation has increased. The distinction between power and authority and the different organs of the UN is difficult to draw. The Security Council has the main responsi

If human rights are to be enjoyed by every person regardless of origin or nationality; if human rights are the rights of the human being under any circumstances, then the best way to gauge the quality and depth of our systems of protection of human rights will be to examine the extent to which these are enjoyed by their most genuine recipients: those deprived of wealth and citizenship, a home and

The bike helmet is certainly a topic of current interest. From January the 1st 2005 it is mandated by law that children under 15 years old must use bike helmet when biking or being given a lift on a bike. There is an ongoing debate about the next step, to develop the law on bike helmet to apply for adult bicyclists as well. If a law like this would be established, the request on bike helmets would

The existence of workable competition in the marketplace is a fundamental part of a free market economy. Competition is believed to bring many posi­tive effects to both society and the marketplace by ensuring that products and services held in demand are placed on the market at a price that con­sumers are willing to pay. Furthermore, competition results in product effi­ciency. Competing companies

Efterfrågan på biologiska läkemedel blir allt större, i och med att det med tiden upptäckts fler användningsområden för till exempel antikroppar, enzymer och virus. Dessa har i många fall blivit standardläkemedel för att behandla till exempel diabetes, vissa neurologiska sjukdomar och HIV/AIDS. Biologiska läkemedel känneteckas av att produceras av celler som genetiskt har modifierats. Från dessa cThis thesis addresses a challenge in continuous high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): ensuring reliable, timely supply of buffer solutions. As biopharmaceutical production increasingly moves toward continuous operation, buffer management becomes critical, since chromatography requires multiple buffer types with precise compositions for washing, elution, equilibration, and regeneration. In

Background: The accelerating global ageing phenomenon has given rise to a growing concern regarding cognitive decline in older adults. Research shows that spouse health is closely linked to individual well-being, as the physical and emotional health of one partner significantly affects the other. Although the connection between spousal health and older adults’ cognitive function has been recognize

Neurotrophic factors are candidates for treating epilepsy, but their development has been hampered by difficulties in achieving stable and targeted delivery of efficacious concentrations within the desired brain region. We have developed an encapsulated cell technology that overcomes these obstacles by providing a targeted, continuous, de novo synthesized source of high levels of neurotrophic mole

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancer. The cause of CRC is multifactorial, and lifestyle factors are thought to be a major contributor to the development of CRC. It can be hypothesised that the association between food intake and the risk of developing CRC depends not only on the food consumed, but what it is consumed in combination with. The associations between food a

Background: Alkaline enzymes are stable biocatalysts with potential applications in industrial technologies that offer high quality products. Objective: The growing demand for alkaline enzymes in industry has enhanced the search for microorganisms that produce these enzymes. Methods: Eighteen bacterial isolates from Lake Bogoria, Kenya, were screened for alkaline proteases, pectinases and amylases

Background: Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) have been suggested to have a potential role in both bone loss and pain in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), based on studies in vitro and in animal models. Here we addressed if anti-cyclic citrullinated (anti-CCP) antibodies were associated with osteopenia or pain in patients with RA, at the time for diagnosis. Methods: Baseline data from the BARF

Background: Diet- and physical activity-based interventions in pregnancy have the potential to alter maternal and child outcomes. Objectives: To assess whether or not the effects of diet and lifestyle interventions vary in subgroups of women, based on maternal body mass index (BMI), age, parity, Caucasian ethnicity and underlying medical condition(s), by undertaking an individual patient data (IPD