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Few attempts to control forest insects by means of pheromone mating disruption have been reported. The first such experiments with the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), resulted in nearly complete trap catch reduction, but no effects on population density or sex ratio were noted. Unmated females lay eggs, which develop into males only. Therefore, if mating disru
February 22, 1756, exactly 250 years ago, died one of Linnaeus’ apostles, the Swede Pehr Löfling, at the missions of San Antonio de Caroní, Venezuela. He was buried under an orange tree, just 27 years old. Sent by Linnaeus to participate in a Spanish border expedition, led by José de Iturriaga, he had the task to explore the flora and fauna of the New World. After spending more than two years in S
The notion of "global warming" has become a major public-domain concept as an environmental threat to our future on earth. Independently of the accuracy of existing prediction of combustion emissions on the climate on earth, the concept of reducing combustion emissions has been an important political driving force in imposing more and more severe restrictions on harmful emissions from combustion.
A series of structures of trans-[MX(2)(PBz(3))(2)] [M = Pt, X = Cl(-); PBz(3) = tribenzylphosphine (1), I(-), trans-diiodobis(tribenzylphosphine)platinum(II) (2), and NCS(-), trans-di(thiocyanate)bis(tribenzylphosphine)platinum(II) (3); M = Pd, X = I(-), trans-diiodobis(tribenzylphosphine)palladium(II) (4)] have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. In all compounds each tribenzylphosphine
The aim of this study was to model the effect of short (3-year) treatments with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at the time of menopause on the risk of osteoporotic fracture, and to assess the impact of strategies to target high-risk individuals. From the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk, treatment that increased bone mineral density at the hip by 6% over untreat
The violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) gene from spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was cloned, sequenced (GenBank AJ 250433), and expressed in Escherichia coli. The highest obtained conversion rate of violaxanthin was 86 nmol s-1 per litre of growth medium, corresponding to an amount of active enzyme of 0.4 mg l-1. Sequence comparison between VDE from different species were made and particular interest was
When the genome organization of thirty native isolates belonging to a wine-spoilage yeast Dekkera/Brettanomyces bruxellensis, a distant relative of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was examined, the number of chromosomes varied drastically, from 4 to at least 9. When single gene probes were used in Southern analysis, the corresponding genes usually mapped to at least two chromosomal bands, excluding a si
Both subjects with a low likelihood for coronary artery disease (CAD) and patients with normal findings on coronary angiography have been used as reference populations in non-invasive stress testing, including myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Both of these criteria of normality--low likelihood of CAD and normal coronary angiography--have been criticised, and consensus on this issue is lacking. T
The catalytic copper site in nitrite reductase contains a Cu2+ ion bound to three histidine (His) ligands and a solvent molecule. Sites from various sources show a conspicuous variation in the structure. In some proteins, it is close to tetrahedral (even more so than are blue copper proteins), whereas in other proteins, it has a structure more similar to that expected for a type 2 copper site. We
The purpose of this study was to develop a method based on artificial neural networks for interpretation of captopril renography tests for the detection of renovascular hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis and to assess the value of different measurements from the test. A total of 250 99mTc-MAG3 captopril renography tests were used in the study. The material was collected from two differen
One of the more frequently applied methods for integrating controls on primary production through satellite data is the Light Use Efficiency (LUE) approach. Satellite indices such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and the Shortwave Infrared Water Stress Index (SIWSI) have previously shown promise as predictors of primary production in several dif
RNA repair has now been demonstrated to be a genuine biological process and appears to be present in all three domains of life. In this article, we consider what this might mean for the transition from an early RNA-dominated world to modem cells possessing genetically encoded proteins and DNA. There are significant gaps in our understanding of how the modem protein-DNA world could have evolved fro
The aims of this study were to investigate possible age-related changes in the disposition of factor IX procoagulant activity (FIX:C) after administration of recombinant factor IX (rFIX) and to translate the pharmacokinetic findings into suggestions for dosing of rFIX during prophylactic treatment of haemophilia B. Pharmacokinetic data were available from a previous study on 56 patients, aged 4-56
This article presents a mechanical cutting force model for multi-tooth cutting processes, where initial position errors in radial and axial direction, eccentricity and edge wear are taken into account. The cutting forces are presented for each individual cutting edge, and in a system of coordinates where one axis is parallel to the cutting speed vector at any instant. The process parameter cutting
We describe an approach to screen large sets of MALDI-MS mass spectra for protein isoforms separated on two-dimensional electrophoresis gels. Mass spectra are matched against each other by utilizing extracted peak mass lists and hierarchical clustering. The output is presented as dendrograms in which protein isoforms cluster together. Clustering could be applied to mass spectra from different samp
In five patients with clinical suspicion of spinal disease, MRI of the spine revealed unexpected aortic pathology explaining the symptoms. No significant intraspinal pathology was found on MRI. However, in one patient with clinical suspicion of spinal stenosis, an aortic occlusion was detected on MR images of the spine. The lower extremity ischaemia, caused by the occlusion, was responsible for th
Water-soluble hemicelluloses were extracted from spruce chips by microwave heat fractionation. The chips were impregnated with water at different pH values. Screening of heat-fractionation conditions, i.e. impregnation medium, temperature and residence time was performed with the aim to extract O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan. The impregnation and heat fractionation conditions were evaluated on the ba
