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We present a versatile and compact fiber optic probe for real-time determination of the absorption and the reduced scattering coefficients from spatially resolved continuous wave diffuse reflectance measurements. The probe collects the diffuse reflectance at six distances in the range 0.6 - 7.8 mm at four arbitrary wavelengths, which were 660, 785, 805, and 974 nm in these experiments. The maximum
A machine-learning and a string-matching approach to automated subject classification of text were compared, as to their performance, advantages and downsides. The former approach was based on an SVM algorithm, while the latter comprised string-matching between a controlled vocabulary and words in the text to be classified. Data collection consisted of a subset from Compendex, classified into six
This article is based on a keynote presentation at the 12th Nordic Congress in General Practice in Trondheim, Norway in September 2002. The aim was to demonstrate the strengths and limitations of evidence-based medicine (EBM) in a primary healthcare setting. The presentation comprised two separate lectures discussing an authentic case history from everyday practice that had been presented to the a
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on wound edge microvascular blood flow, comparing different wound fillers. Wounds were created on the backs of 7 pigs. NPWT was applied, using either foam or gauze, at -50,-75, -100, -125, -150, or -175 mm Hg. Microvascular blood flow was measured in muscle tissue, subcutaneous tissue, and in the wound bed,
A commercial biomedical poly(ether urethane), Pellethane 2363-80AE, was surface modified through the use of amphiphilic polymeric additives, and through surface grafting with poly(ethylene glycol), PEG. Two different amphiphilic polymers, Polymer C and Pluronic PE9400, were used as additives. Polymer C, a segmented polyurethane, was prepared from PEG1500, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and a C-
The preganglionic nerves of the rat urinary bladder were cut. The decentralized bladders gained markedly in weight. Both one and four weeks post-operatively, transmural nerve stimulation evoked contractile responses of the muscle strips of the decentralized bladders, that were of the same magnitude as those of the control bladders. However, four weeks post-operatively, the atropine resistant fract
Literature surveys, limited to the sensor technologies applicable for the functionalities of relevance for the “Safe Speed” and “Safe Distance” concept, were conducted on recent and undergoing development in the area of sensor technology. Various alternatives of combinations of sensors can serve for building the prototype for the Safe Speed and Safe Distance concept. However, one sensor alone can
This research addresses local governance for building energy efficiency. In order to turn an increasingly proactive environmental policy agenda at subnational levels into practice, local governments experiment with new forms of governance. One important policy area in this regard is building energy use, often addressed through urban development projects. Such initiatives provide important insight
Short-TE 1H MRS has great potential for brain cancer diagnostics. A major difficulty in the analysis of the spectra is the contribution from short-T2 signal components, mainly coming from mobile lipids. This complicates the accurate estimation of the spectral parameters of the resonance lines from metabolites, so that a qualitative to semi-quantitative interpretation of the spectra dominates in pr
In recent years, land acquisition has escalated due to increased global demand for food and fuel driven by population growth, urbanisation, and growing energy demand. Mozambique is ranked as one of the world’s top 10 countries with available land for agriculture, forestry and livestock production. Low labour costs and land taxes may further increase the interest in Mozambican land. In particular,
This thesis analyses the impact of several natural resources on economic growth in the empirically rather poor Sub-Saharan Africa during the time period of 1990-2010. By performing panel regression analyses based on economic and political data from the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, the conclusion that the production of diamonds promotes economic growth the most could be made. As an example, the
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the Canadian government’s stance on addressing the issue of missing and murdered Indigenous women, and to perform an analysis of ongoing violence and asymmetric conflict in Indigenous-Government of Canada relations. The Canadian government’s approach in regards to holding a national inquiry into the issue of missing and murdered Indigenous women in Canada w
Big Data has experienced recent developments in the field of Business Intelligence and has captured the increasing interest of enterprises who are trying to seize its potential. More and more companies, operating in industries ranging from insurance to the entertainment industry, are moving forward with the adoption of Big Data, in an attempt to gain significant benefits, such as customer insight,
In general Uganda receives enough rainfall to rain-feed crops and pasture but as climate is changing the seasonal patterns are expected to become more extreme. This influences how the land can be used, and has a strong impact on the farmers who depend on their land for economic income and food security. This report has two aims. The first is to identify the farmer’s experiences of climate change a
In this study I have investigated the variance in a phenotypically plastic defence trait in the common pond snail (Radix balthica). This species is known to develop a predator induced shell shape when exposed to cues of predatory fish such as the crucian carp (Carassius carassius). My aim was to investigate if this snail species would have a higher level in expressed predator induced shell shape i
War is usually seen as a zero sum game, someone lose and someone wins. But what if the purpose for the actors in the war is to reach political goals in a longer perspective, rather than win and defeat the enemy? In the summer of 2006 a short but intensive war was fought between Hezbollah and Israel. The spark that ignited the war was the Hezbollah raid on an IDF patrol in the morning of 12 July,
By doing an image interpretation this thesis, Gendered unisex fashion : A study of gender neutral fashion and the norms that influence it, examines and critically discusses unisex fashion. By examining four different promotion pictures from four different unisex collections the essay sees to similarities and differences between their aesthetics and expressions in clothing, environment and models.
Background. Lower tract respiratory infections are one of the most prevalent health problems worldwide. Influenza A is a main contributor to these infections, and infants are one of the risk groups for infection and developing serious lower respiratory tract complications. Better treatment for infants is needed, but little is known about the immune response that occurs in the lungs during infectio
In the Church of Sweden every person who is baptized is welcome to join in the Eucharist. However, in recent years three motions have been submitted to the General Synod of the Church of Sweden suggesting that the Eucharist be opened up to the unbaptized as well. I find this to be an interesting issue because it is a provocative one: it challenges a tradition that goes back to the earliest days of
Denna uppsats behandlar frågan om när det är berättigat att kriminalisera. Utgångspunkten har varit liberal straffrättsteori och studieobjektet har varit kriminaliseringen av narkotikabruk i Sverige. I uppsatsen undersöker jag huruvida de skäl som anfördes vid kriminaliseringen av narkotikabruk kan berättiga densamma utifrån relevanta principer från den liberala straffrättsteorin. Den liberala stThis thesis concerns the issue of when it is legitimate to criminalize. The study focuses on the criminalization of drug use in Sweden and examines whether the criminalization can be justified using criteria from the liberal criminal theory. The liberal criminal theory advocates a restrictive use of criminal law and it states that criminalization as a method for preventing unwanted behaviors oug
