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Purpose: Choline is an essential nutrient for fetal and infant growth and development. Parenteral nutrition used in neonatal care lack free choline but contain small amounts of lipid-bound choline in the form of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Here, we examined the longitudinal development of serum free choline and metabolically related compounds betaine and methionine in extremely preterm infants and h

Various less-toxic substitutes for the Pb2+-based perovskites have been proposed, of which Sn2+-based metal halide perovskites (namely, Sn-PVSKs) hold the best prospects because of their optoelectronic properties comparable to those of the Pb analogues. Nevertheless, the intrinsic instability and unfavorable crystallization of Sn-PVSKs place restrictions on both the device performance/durability a

In the Western world, gender/sex is traditionally viewed as binary, with people falling into one of two categories: male or female. This view of gender/sex has started to change, triggering some resistance. This research investigates psychological mechanisms underlying that resistance. Study 1 (N = 489, UK) explored the role of individual gender identification in defense of, and attempts to reinfo

Carbon emissions emanating from infrastructure construction are substantial, and public infrastructure clients have begun to include carbon reduction goals in their procurement requirements. This is a new and complex field where practices vary and are still developing. Based on project documentation and interviews we map and analyze the design and implementation of carbon reduction requirements in

Background: The neural crest is a transient embryonic stem cell population. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-2α is associated with neural crest stem cell appearance and aggressiveness in tumors. However, little is known about its role in normal neural crest development. Results: Here, we show that HIF-2α is expressed in trunk neural crest cells of human, murine, and avian embryos. Knockdown as well

Lighting control systems have been traditionally employed to reduce energy use for lighting by, for example, maximizing daylight harvesting. When highly efficient light sources are installed and for tasks where maintaining target illuminance is particularly important, designers may decide to prioritize the latter together with energy use. In this context, the use of data-driven algorithms is emerg

This thesis examines whether more generous unemployment insurance is associated with greater household portfolio risk-taking in Europe by reducing background income risk. Using a largely balanced panel of European countries, the analysis measures household risk-taking as the share of household financial assets held in equity and investment fund shares. Unemployment insurance generosity is proxied

Syftet med uppsatsen är att utifrån vetenskapliga artiklar skapa ett preliminärt teoretiskt ramverk som ska hjälpa oss att analysera vår insamlade empiri. Genom empiriinsamling blir även syftet att undersöka vilka bolag på OMX Stockholmsbörsen som avviker från Koden, om bolagen avviker från samma punkter samt om det finns några gemensamma faktorer som kännetecknar bolagen som avviker. Vi använder

Existing LLM-based approaches remain limited by simplistic task execution, restricted tool integration, and a lack of contextual reasoning when interacting with professional GIS software. This study investigates the efficacy of a multi-agent architecture designed to enhance geospatial task execution accuracy through collaboration, reasoning and tool-use. The architecture integrates Chain of Though

We present the design and implementation of a portable transfer system equipped with an integrated electrochemical cell that enables the controlled transfer of samples between an electrochemical environment and an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) system without air exposure. This setup allows for the preparation of well-defined model surfaces, their electrochemical modification, and subsequent structural an

Quantum information and quantum computing are based on the concept and manipulation of qubits. In this pedagogical Tutorial-written with the aim of assisting self-motivated undergraduate mathematics, physics, and engineering students-transformation of these qubits, especially the Hadamard transformation (H) and the phase shifter transformation (φ), is illustrated. Two-qubit gates and their applica

Background: Effectively identifying individuals exposed to drug underuse, overuse and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) in older adults is essential for minimizing preventable drug-related harms. Methods: We analysed data from 54,296 individuals aged 60–74 years from the German National Cohort (NAKO). We assessed the frequency of PIM, untreated conditions (medication and vaccination under

Musculoskeletal health is essential to health, well-being, and independence across the life course. Musculoskeletal conditions including inflammatory joint diseases, osteoarthritis, back pain, osteoporosis, and fragility fractures are among the greatest causes of disability globally imposing a major burden on health and social care and economic impact also through lost productivity. Despite effect

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the compatibility of the current dominant approach in international taxation for intragroup transactions, based on arm’s length principle, with international agreements on development. In this sense, the thesis aims to explore the viability of formulary apportionment as an alternative that could reduce contradictions between international tax law and devel