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Background: Family risks for urinary tract cancers (excluding kidney cancers) are known, but less is known about whether rare urinary tract cancer subtypes are also familial and if urinary tract cancers share familial risk for other (discordant) cancers. Objective: To investigate the impact of family history on urinary tract cancers (International Classification of Diseases version 7 code 181) and
Background: Can we validate a contagion model for drug abuse (DA) in Propinquity-of-Rearing Defined Acquaintances (PRDAs)? Methods: PRDAs were defined as pairs of same-age males born 1975–1990 who grew up within 2 km of each other, one of whom (PRDA1) being first registered for DA in national registries. Using adult residential location, we predicted, using regression splines, proximity-dependent
Objective: Levothyroxine treatment is common among older adults as is atrial fibrillation (AF), yet less is known about its potential effects on the development of dementia. Methods: The study population included all adults with diagnosed AF (n = 156,104) aged ≥ 45 years in Sweden without an earlier recorded diagnosis of dementia. Individuals with a dispensed prescription of levothyroxine on two o
Importance: Preterm birth has previously been associated with increased risks of hypertension and diabetes, but not ischemic heart disease (IHD), in adulthood. The reasons for this lack of association with IHD despite associations with its risk factors have been elusive, but may be associated with methodologic issues, such as survivor bias, in prior studies. Objective: To determine whether preterm
Background: No study to date, as far as we know, has analyzed the potential effect of neighborhood-level deprivation on autoimmune disorders (ADs), when adjusted for individual-level characteristics. Methods: A total of 5.4 million individuals from 8363 neighborhoods, comprising the whole Swedish population (ages 25-74 years), were followed for the period 1 January 2000, until admission due to dia
Background: The risk of dementia is increased in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Objective: To study relevant co-morbidities and incident dementia (vascular dementia, Alzheimers disease, other dementia and all dementia) in AF patients. Methods: All adults (n = 537,513) ≥45 years diagnosed with AF in hospitals in Sweden 1998–2012 were included. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard rat
Aims: Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a life-threatening condition due to the risk of aneurysm growth and rupture. There are no approved diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for abdominal aortic aneurysm. We aimed to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for abdominal aortic aneurysm and to investigate their relationship with abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter and growth. Methods: In this case
OBJECTIVES: Alcohol use disorders (AUD) is well known to aggregate in families and is associated with socioeconomic status (SES). The objective was to study the effect of education, income and neighborhood SES in adulthood on AUD, and to explore whether the potential associations were confounded by shared familial factors, by using a co-relative control design. METHODS: Data on AUD was drawn from
Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have an increased dementia risk dementia. We aimed to study the effect of antihypertensive drugs on dementia in AF patients. Methods: Included patients were ≥45 years diagnosed with AF in Swedish National Patient Register (n = 160,251; 89,723 men and 70,528 women) and alive on January 1, 2007. We excluded patients with dementia before onset of AF.
AimsCan drug abuse (DA) be transmitted psychologically between adult siblings consistent with a social contagion model?MethodsWe followed Swedish sibling pairs born in 1932-1990 until one of them, sibling1 (S1), had a first DA registration. We then examined, using Cox regression, the hazard rate for a first registration for DA in sibling2 (S2) within 3 years of a first DA registration in S1 as a f
Most pathobionts of the respiratory tract form biofilms during asymptomatic colonization to survive and persist in this niche. Environmental changes of the host niche, often resulting from infection with respiratory viruses, changes of the microbiota composition, or other host assaults, can result in biofilm dispersion and spread of bacteria to other host niches, resulting in infections, such as o
The ability to form biofilms is a crucial virulence trait for several microorganisms, including Klebsiella pneumoniae - a Gram-negative encapsulated bacterium often associated with nosocomial infections. It is estimated that 65-80% of bacterial infections are biofilm related. Biofilms are complex bacterial communities composed of one or more species encased in an extracellular matrix made of prot
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogen responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The polysaccharide capsule confers protection against phagocytosis and influences many aspects of pneumococcal pathogenesis. The capsular polysaccharides (CPS) are highly immunogenic and exhibit great structural variability, with more than 100 serotypes described so far. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) ar
The impact of pilot flame operation on the combustion of pure methane and hydrogen-enriched methane (H2/CH4: 50/50 in vol%) fuels was investigated in a gas turbine model combustor under atmospheric conditions. The burner assembly was designed to mimic the geometry of an industrial burner, the Siemens DLE Burner, in which a concentric annular ring equipped with pilot flame burners is implemented in
Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a leading cause of graft loss and death after heart transplantation despite effective immunosuppressive therapies. The identification of factors that impair graft vascular barrier function or promote immune cell recruitment during ACR could provide new therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of patients who receive transplants. In 2 ACR cohorts, we found the e
We know little about how genetic risk factors for two disorders jointly act and interact in predisposing to illness. Therefore, in the Swedish population, born 1970–1990 (n = 2,116,082) and followed through 2015, we examine, using additive Cox models, the impact of the family genetic risk scores (FGRS) for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and major depression (MD), their interaction with each other and
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is an asymptomatic colonizer of the nasopharynx in most individuals but can progress to a pulmonary and systemic pathogen upon influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Advanced age enhances host susceptibility to secondary pneumococcal pneumonia and is associated with worsened disease outcomes. The host factors driving those processes are not well defined, in part
