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PURPOSE: Epinephrine is used in local anesthetics to induce vasoconstriction and thus reduce bleeding and prolong the anesthetic effect. Finding the optimal delay between the administration of the anesthetic and skin incision to ensure vasoconstriction and minimize bleeding is important and has recently become the subject of debate. This is the first study to assess blood perfusion and oxygen satu

Blinks, the closing and opening of the eyelids, are used in a wide array of fields where human function and behavior are studied. In data from video-based eye trackers, blink rate and duration are often estimated from the pupil-size signal. However, blinks and their parameters can be estimated only indirectly from this signal, since it does not explicitly contain information about the eyelid posit

Systems mixing Boolean logic and arithmetic have been a long-standing challenge for verification tools such as SAT-based bit-vector solvers. Though SAT solvers can be highly efficient for Boolean reasoning, they scale poorly once multiplication is involved. Algebraic methods using Gröbner basis reduction have recently been used to efficiently verify multiplier circuits in isolation, but generally

For decades, measured ice crystal number concentrations have been found to be orders of magnitude higher than measured ice-nucleating particle number concentrations in moderately cold clouds. This observed discrepancy reveals the existence of secondary ice production (SIP) in addition to the primary ice nucleation. However, the importance of SIP relative to primary ice nucleation remains highly un

Life-long production of blood from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) is a process of strict modulation. Intrinsic and extrinsic signals govern fate options like self-renewal – a cardinal feature of HSC. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) have an established role in embryonic hematopoiesis, but less is known about its functions in adulthood. Previously, SMAD-mediated BMP signaling has been proven dispe

The significance of writing for PhD students, particularly at faculties of Humanities, cannot be overemphasized; the written manuscript is the final product to be publicly discussed by external examiners. This article takes as its starting point a “quick & dirty” study of a student-initiated writing group at a humanities department (HD) and the assumption that thesis supervisors nowadays need

Objective: The mechanisms and metabolomic profile underlying early vascular ageing have not been explored in the general population. We aimed to investigate the plasma metabolomic profile in aortic stiffness (vascular ageing) and associated risk of incident cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population.Design and method: We analysed 108 metabolites in plasma of 5172 individuals fr

This paper reflects on the increasing role played by algorithms in management today by situating this trend in the context of a long-standing debate about the distinction between leadership and management. Our guiding question concerns the role of humans in what might be called ‘algorithmic leadership’, understood as an advanced form of algorithmic management that is making redundant some of the e

We present the results of 3D high-resolution calculations of the last inspiral stages and the final coalescence of neutron star binary systems. The equations of hydrodynamics are solved using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method with up to 106 particles. Using Newtonian gravity, but adding the forces emerging from the emission of gravitational waves, we focus on the impact of microphysics on

Popular Abstract in Swedish När främmande fettlösliga ämnen som miljögifter (ex. PCB och dioxin) hamnar inuti kroppen bearbetas de ofta av det så kallade biotransformations-systemet. När inte levern och njurarna direkt kan utsöndra de främmande molekylerna får enzymer ändra de oönskade ämnenas kemiska sammansättning. Detta görs genom att ändra molekylernas kemiska egenskaper så att de blir vattenlIn vertebrates, studies of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) have been of particular interest due to its direct involvement in the toxic effects exerted by several environmental pollutants, such as PCB and dioxin. After binding to the toxic molecule, this receptor initiates transcription of several genes that are part of the biotransformation battery but most notably the cytochrome P450 (CYP) ge

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a principal regulator of calcium homeostasis. Previously, we studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms present in the major genes in the PTH pathway (PTH, PTHrP, PTHR1, PTHR2) in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture incidence. We found that haplotypes of the PTH gene were associated with fracture risk independent of BMD. In the present study, we evaluated

The crypt in Dalby as a batisterium – a digital reconstruction The article presents an example of the on-going research at Dalby in Scania, Sweden, focusing on the baptismal font and its original medieval context. The site and the current research are presented. Dalby was a medieval cathedral, Augustinian monastery and maybe also a royal manor. The crypt and font from the 12th C are presented. Th

The purpose of this PhD thesis work has been to develop optical techniques that can help utility engineers for assessing the state of insulators in service and in a laboratory. The possibilities to use remote laser induced fluorescence for detection and imaging of biological growth such as algae and fungi have been investigated. Reflectance spectroscopy has also been investigated as a technique fo

The traditional view of asthma has changed considerably during the last decades. A paradigm shift in our understanding of asthma has turned our focus from the importance of muscle spasm to inflammation. Today asthma is believed to be a central airway inflammatory disorder, and the importance of activated eosinophils found in central airway biopsies and in induced sputum is believed to be a hallmar

A low intake of calcium is widely considered to be a risk factor for future fracture. The aim of this study was to quantify this risk on an international basis and to explore the effect of age, gender and bone mineral density (BMD) on this risk. We studied 39,563 men and women (69% female) from six prospectively studied cohorts comprising EVOS/EPOS, CaMos, DOES, the Rotterdam study, the Sheffield

Popular Abstract in Swedish Sjukdomar som drabbar hjärtats kranskärl och ger upphov till bland annat hjärtinfarkt är den vanligaste dödsorsaken både i Sverige och i resten av världen. Avsikten med denna avhandling är att ge en bild av livskvaliteten hos hjärtpatienter samt att ta upp problem inom medicinsk etik, som berör dessa patienter. Män och kvinnor som vårdats för hjärtinfarkt vid UniversiteOne month and one year after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (n=296), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n=99) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (n=18) patients completed a questionnaire for self-assessment of quality of life (QoL) during the period 1989?1991. Patients differed from age- and sex-matched controls (n=88) in both somatic and emotional dimensions, but less after one

Popular Abstract in Swedish Talarålder är en viktig paralingvistisk egenskap i tal, som bör beaktas vid studiet av fonetisk variation. Kunskap om talarålder kan användas för att förbättra talteknologiska tillämpningar såsom automatisk taligenkänning och talsyntes. Föreliggande doktorsavhandling beskriver sex studier som undersökt ett flertal aspekter av den åldersrelaterade variationen i tal. NärSpeaker age is an important paralinguistic feature in speech which has to be considered in the study of phonetic variation. Knowledge about this feature may be used to improve speech technology applications, e.g. automatic speech recognition and speech synthesis. The present thesis describes six studies of several phonetic aspects of age-related variation in speech. As the speech production mecha

Background: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is occurring three times more frequently in females than in males. However, the underlying biological mechanisms driving this discrepancy remain poorly understood. To investigate the causal role of sex hormones and reproductive factors in the risk of DTC, we implemented a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Methods: We utilized genom

Externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) was used to increase load bearing capacity of light weight aggregate concrete (LWA) masonry walls subjected to eccentric axial compression. Ladder type masonry reinforcement, high strength steel wire strips and glass fiber mesh were used for strengthening of eleven, 2.4 m high, 0.5 m long and 0.1 m thick walls. The reinforcement was applied on the dry wall sur

The provision of safe care is complex and difficult to achieve. Awareness of what happens in real time is one of the ways to develop a safe system within a culture of safety. At Great Ormond Street Hospital, we developed and tested a tool specifically designed for patients and families to report harm, with the aim of raising awareness and opportunities for staff to continually improve and provide