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We image the field enhancement at Ag nanostructures using femtosecond laser pulses with a center wavelength of 1.55 mu m. Imaging is based on non-linear photoemission observed in a photoemission electron microscope (PEEM). The images are directly compared to ultra violet PEEM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging of the same structures. Further, we have carried out atomic scale scanning t
This work proves the feasibility of a novel concept of differential absorption lidar based on the Scheimpflug principle. The range-resolved atmospheric backscattering signal of a laser beam is retrieved by employing a tilted linear sensor with a Newtonian telescope, satisfying the Scheimpflug condition. Infinite focus depth is achieved despite employing a large optical aperture. The concept is dem
Vitamin C is known to protect mucosal tissues from oxidative stress and inhibit nitrosamine formation in the stomach. High consumption of fruits, particularly citrus, and higher circulating vitamin C concentrations may be inversely associated with gastric cancer (GC) risk. We investigated 20 polymorphisms in vitamin C transporter genes SCL23A1 and SCL23A2 and GC risk in 365 cases and 1,284 control
Acrylamide, classified in 1994 by IARC as 'probably carcinogenic' to humans, was discovered in 2002 in some heat-treated, carbohydrate-rich foods. The association between dietary acrylamide intake and epithelial ovarian cancer risk (EOC) has been previously studied in one case-control and three prospective cohort studies which obtained inconsistent results, and could not further examine histologic
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic variants contributing to BMI, a measure of body size, or waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), a measure of body shape. Body size and shape change as people grow older and these changes differ substantially between men and women. To systematically screen for age- and/or sex-specific effects of genetic variants
Shelf and coastal regions are exceptionally important for many countries as they provide the main habitat for many economically important fish and shellfish species. With ongoing climate change and human-induced eutrophication the shelf regions are especially affected, resulting in increased temperatures and stratification as well as oxygen depletion of the bottom waters. In order to be able to pr
Pike Esox lucius in the absence of prey and conspecifics were shown to have the highest habitat-change activity during dusk and to decrease preference for complex habitats in turbid water. As the behaviours indicate routine responses in the absence of behavioural interactions, E. lucius spatio-temporal distributions should be directly affected and thereby more easily assessed and avoided by prey,
Objective: Parental history of diabetes and specific gene variants are risk factors for type 2 diabetes, but the extent to which these factors are associated is unknown. Methods: We examined the association between parental history of diabetes and a type 2 diabetes genetic risk score (GRS) in two cohort studies from Finland (population-based PPP-Botnia study) and the US (family-based Framingham Of
The general aim of this thesis was to study how memorial places and objects serve as links and meeting points between the bereaved and their conceptions and memories of the departed. This has been examined in several different ways, from various viewpoints, and placed in different contexts and periods in time. The general result is that there are several and complementary ways through which materi
The relation between intra-partum cardiotocography (CTG), cord blood acid-base status, Apgar score and neonatal morbidity was studied in 1228 consecutively live-born babies and in a subgroup of 200 babies (148 babies with a 1 min Apgar score < or = 8 and 52 randomly selected babies with a 1 min Apgar score > or = 9). The scores for the individual components of the 1 min Apgar score were strongly a
Popular Abstract in Swedish Inom processanalytisk kemi är uppgiften att bestämma viktiga egenskaper i en kemisk process under det att tillverkningen fortlöper. Ett vanligt exempel är att man bestämmer halten av något ämne. Eftersom de uppmätta egenskaperna ofta används för att styra processandet mot bästa möjliga betingelser är det av generellt intresse att mätningen går snabbt. Men det är inte noPharmaceutical tablets and pellets are often covered with a coating. There is a need for methods that enable monitoring of the growth of such films during processing. Such analyses can be performed using process analytical chemical methods based on near infrared (NIR) diffuse reflectance spectrometry. It provides with analyses that take only ca. 8 seconds in total analysis time, including physical
Popular Abstract in Swedish Närmare 30.000 svenskar drabbas årligen av stroke (slaganfall). I ungefär 85 % av fallen är orsaken en blodpropp i ett av hjärnans kärl s.k. hjärninfarkt. En avstängning av blodflödet orsakar en snabbt insättande förlust av funktionen i det drabbade området, t.ex. halvsidig förlamning, bortfall av delar av synfältet liksom störning av olika högre hjärnfunktioner såsom mAbstract Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the western world, and the number one cause of disability. 85% of all strokes are ischemic. Most stroke survivors will experience recovery of function. The mechanisms behind this improvement are partly unknown, but may involve elements of both compensation and restoration. Exposure to an enriched environment (EE) that stimulates social interac
The interdisciplinary symposium ”Microstructures of Learning: Novel methods and approaches for assessing structural and functional changes underlying knowledge acquisition in the brain” took place on May 23, 2014 in Lund, Sweden. The cross-disciplinary meeting brought together researchers from linguistics, psychology, physics, chemistry, and neuroscience in order to discuss how knowledge, in part
The Swedish hydropower industry operates a large number of power plants and dams geographically spread over the country. The level of safety of a specific dam is to a large extent determined during the design and construction phases that in the case of Swedish hydropower plants took place several decades ago. Condition monitoring of concrete dams, or hydropower concrete structures, has until recen
Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Skivepitelcancer i huvud- och halsregionen (SCCHN) Kliniska aspekter Prognosen vid SCCHN är i stort sett oförändrat dålig sedan 30 år tillbaka; cirka hälften av patienterna dör av sin sjukdom. Trots stora tekniska framsteg kring behandlingsteknikerna (ofta en kombination av kirurgi, strål- och i viss mån cellgiftsbehandling) medför dAt present, clinical outcome or response to therapy can not be fully predicted in individual cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The overall aim of the present studies was to investigate potential prognostic factors, more closely related to the malignant progression of a tumor than the established markers, such as the TNM-classification system. Tumor samples were investi
