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This extended abstract compiles statistics and information regarding the process of gathering water damage statistics. A questionnaire wasused to determine similarities, differences, and tendencies in the water damage statistics, in the Nordic countries Sweden, Norway, Denmark,Finland and Iceland. The study aimed to answer what lessons were learned and what knowledge could be shared between the No
The CryoGrid community model is a flexible toolbox for simulating the ground thermal regime and the ice-water balance for permafrost and glaciers, extending a well-established suite of permafrost models (CryoGrid 1, 2, and 3). The CryoGrid community model can accommodate a wide variety of application scenarios, which is achieved by fully modular structures through object-oriented programming. Diff
Cold-season methane (CH4) emissions may be poorly constrained in wetland models. We examined cold-season CH4 emissions simulated by 16 models participating in the Global Carbon Project model intercomparison and analyzed temporal and spatial patterns in simulation results using prescribed inundation data for 2000–2020. Estimated annual CH4 emissions from northern (>60°N) wetlands averaged 10.0 ± 5.
Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) provide a state-of-the-art process-based approach to study the complex interplay between vegetation and its physical environment. For example, they help to predict how terrestrial plants interact with climate, soils, disturbance and competition for resources. We argue that there is untapped potential for the use of DGVMs in ecological and ecophysiological r
Frost is damaging to plants when air temperature drops below their tolerance threshold. The set of mechanisms used by cold-tolerant plants to withstand freezing is called “hardening” and typically take place in autumn to protect against winter damage. The recent incorporation of a hardening scheme in the demographic vegetation model FATES opens up the possibility to investigate frost mortality to
Red blood cell (RBC) and iron status biomarkers are commonly used in clinical diagnostics. However, interpretations of infant test results are inherently challenging. Modern well-defined comparative data based on presumably healthy term-born infants have mainly been lacking and interpretations could be further complicated by interference from frequent infections. Moreover, the trends that follow w
Precipitation is a major component of the water cycle. Accurate and reliable estimation of precipitation is essential for various applications. Generally, there are three main types of precipitation products: satellite based, reanalysis, and ground measurements from rain gauge stations. Each type has its advantages and disadvantages. Recent efforts have been made to develop various merging methods
Encapsulation in self-assembled lipid structures has been shown to increase the stability of large biomolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids (NAs), which has many potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In order to fully optimise the encapsulation system for a certain application, however, it is important to understand the effect of the encapsulated biomolecule o
The SM2RAIN (soil moisture to rain) model has been widely used for rainfall estimation worldwide. However, due to the lack of sufficient ground observation, the SM2RAIN model driven by different passive microwave soil moisture products over the Tibetan Plateau has not been fully validated. In this article, four widely used satellite microwave soil moisture products (including SMAP, ASCAT, SMOS, an
We characterize the model spaces K in which functions with smooth boundary extensions are dense. It is shown that such approximations are possible if and only if the singular measure associated to the singular inner factor of is concentrated on a countable union of Beurling Carleson sets. In fact, we use a duality argument to show that if there exists a restriction of the associated singular measu
Despite the importance of SMEs for innovation activity, questions remain concerning the determinants of their innovative performance and the role of different types of collaboration and partners. The present paper empirically analyzes the role played by different types of R&D collaborations in the persistence of SME innovative performance. We used a longitudinal database to identify all the Sw
Kan en silkeshandske vara en symbol för makt? I denna tänkvärda volym samlas en grupp namnkunniga historiker för att ge perspektiv på överlappande frågor kring genus, materialitet och politik. Genom historiska fallstudier som sträcker sig från 1500-talet och fram i modern tid utforskar författarna brännpunkter i företeelser som diplomati, kvinnors inflytande och tillskrivandet av betydelse hos förCan a silk glove be an expression of power? In this carefully curated volume, internationally renowned historians have come together to explore the interconnected perspectives of gender, materiality, and politics. As the authors elaborate on these topics, the volume offers contributions covering a period from the sixteenth century to the present day, investigating political culture and diplomacy,
Vegetation gross primary production (GPP) is the largest terrestrial carbon flux and plays an important role in regulating the carbon sink. Current terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs) are indispensable tools for evaluating and predicting GPP. However, to which degree the TEMs can capture the interannual variability (IAV) of GPP remains unclear. With large data sets of remote sensing, in situ obser
Despite the fact that the response of tropical hydroclimate to North Atlantic cooling events during the Heinrich Stadial 1 (HS1) has been extensively studied in African, South American and Indonesia, the nature of such responses remains debated. Here we investigate the tropical hydroclimate pattern over the Indo-Asian-Australian monsoon region during the HS1 by integrating hydroclimatic records, a
The focus of much sensory language research has been on vocabulary and codability, not how language is used in communication of sensory perceptions. We make a case for discourse-oriented research about sensory language as an alternative to the prevailing vocabulary orientation. To consider the language of sound in authentic textual data, we presented participants with 20 everyday sounds of unknown
This paper presents a study of the role that photography of 14 October 1973 and 6 October 1976 has played in political mobilization around the two events. It is well known that in official archives limited versions of the events can be found. We must turn to alternative repositories (private homes, nonstates organisations, but also universities and libraries outside of Thailand) to find the antic
