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The three-dimensional circulation, salinity distribution, and overall transport pattern were simulated in the Pearl River Estuary, China, using a modified version of the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). The circulation in the estuary is mainly driven by tide, wind, and river runoff in a complex manner, where the relative importance of the different forcing factors varies over the year. Field data on c

Background The aim of the Nordic Diltiazem (NORDIL) Study was to compare patients with essential hypertension receiving calcium-antagonist-based treatment with diltiazem and similar patients receiving conventional diuretic/beta-blocker-based treatment, with respect to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Objective To assess the influence of age, sex, severity of hypertension and heart rate on t

Growth of a microstructurally short edge crack in the neighbourhood of a grain boundary has been studied using a dislocation technique. Influence of the distance between the crack tip and a high-angle grain boundary was studied for 5000 load cycles. Growth rate was found to change stepwise during crack advance, both accelerating and decelerating, and finally retarding before crack arrest. Crack pr

Impaired function in transplanted islets may be ascribed in part to disturbed reinnervation. The objectives of this study were to determine whether islet transplantation to the pancreas in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF) would restore islet innervation and endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function. Streptozotocin-diabetic Lewis rats received 800 syngeneic islets beneath the pancreatic c

This paper examines the close links between knowledge-making authority and decision making authority in the multilateral negotiations on terrestrial sinks of greenhouse gases. Drawing upon social constructivist science studies and public sphere theories in international relations, the paper traces the communicative contexts in which state actors have struggled to bring meaning to the sink concept

The interaction between a cationic poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimer of generation 4 and double-stranded salmon sperm DNA in 10 mM NaBr solution has been investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The structural parameters of the formed aggregates as well as the complex formation process were studied in dilute solutions. When DNA is mixed with P

Background: Psychosocial resources as well as lifestyle habits during pregnancy have been shown to effect the risk of having a small-for-gestational-age (SGA) child. Most previous studies are based on a single assessment of these exposures, which does not take into account the possibility of different effects during early add late stages of pregnancy. Methods: The impact of psychosocial and lifest

This paper presents the coupled cluster/molecular mechanics (CC/MM) and self-consistent field/molecular mechanics (SCF/MM) approaches for wavefunctions, energies and response properties. Two physically different theories are derived, the mean-field and the direct-field interaction approaches, together with expressions for the optimization condition of both variational and non-variational wavefunct

Stimulation of rat adipocytes with insulin and isoproterenol results in serine phosphorylation and activation of the adipocyte cGMP-inhibited phosphodiesterase (cGI PDE), events believed to be important in the antilipolytic action of insulin (Degerman, E., Smith, C.J., Tornqvist, H., Vasta, V., Manganiello, V.C., and Belfrage, P. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87,533-537). Here we demonstrat

The present study describes the preparation of 11 batches of starch microspheres for drug delivery. Parameters such as the type of starch material, the type of protein, and the incubation time of the process were varied, and the obtained microspheres differed in yield, encapsulation efficiency and physical properties. The crystalline/ordered structure (obtained through X-ray powder diffraction (XR

This study was performed to investigate the glomerular permeability alterations responsible for the microalbuminuria occurring in endotoxemia and during anaphylactic shock. In anaesthetized Wistar rats, the left ureter was catheterized for urine collection, while simultaneously, blood access was achieved. Endotoxemia was induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. Coli, and glomerular permeability

Previous work has suggested that dragonfly ocelli are specifically adapted to resolve horizontally extended features of the world, such as the horizon. We investigate the optical and anatomical properties of the median ocellus of Hemicordulia tau and Aeshna mixta to determine the extent to which the findings support this conclusion. Dragonfly median ocelli are shown to possess a number of remarkab

Bruchid beetles in the genus Zabrotes are important pests of field and stored beans all around the world and cause enormous economical losses in Mexico and Central America. Native parasitoids have been successfully used to suppress infestations by bruchid beetles in Africa, but few studies have assessed their potential to reduce seed damage in the New World and no successful biological control pro

A series of heterogeneous latexes having stage ratios of 40:60 between the first and second stage polymers were prepared by emulsion polymerization. The first-stage polymers were non-polar S-BuA with Tgs ranging from + 100 °C to + 20 °C and the second stage polymer was polar MMA–BuA–MAA having a Tg of 20 °C. The latex particle morphologies were studied using TEM and the thermomechanical properties

The detection of contamination such as salt in outdoor high-voltage insulator systems and its subsequent removal are vital for a reliable transmission of electric power. Remote detection of salt on a copper metal surface was carried out by using a mobile laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) Lidar system with a laser wavelength of 355 nm. Detection of salt on a polymeric high-voltage insulat

Genome structure has been found to be highly conserved between distantly related birds and recent data for a limited part of the genome suggest that this is true also for the gene order (synteny) within chromosomes. Here, we confirm that synteny is maintained for large chromosomal regions in chicken and a passerine bird, the great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus, with few rearrangements, bu