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Image and flow cytometry was used to study the nuclear DNA content (ploidy) during the squamous cell carcinogenesis in the esophagus. The present retrospective study comprised 26 surgical specimens of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) in patients who underwent surgery alone at the Department of Surgery in CHUV Hospital in Lausanne, between January 1992 and December 1999. We analyzed 53 healthy tissue

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease directed towards peripheral joints. As all common diseases it is associated with several genes and a multitude of environmental factors. In addition, in similarity with most other complex diseases, it is defined only on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms, it is therefore more properly classified as a syndrome rather than a distinct

The effects of carbon dioxide, sodium chloride, and sodium nitrite on type B botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT/B) gene (cntB) expression in nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum were investigated in a tryptone-peptone-yeast extract (TPY) medium. Various concentrations of these selected food preservatives were studied by using a complete factorial design in order to quantitatively study interaction effects

A key unanswered question in smooth muscle biology is whether phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) is sufficient for regulation of contraction, or if thin-filament-based regulatory systems also contribute to this process. To address this issue, the endogenous RLC was extracted from single smooth muscle cells and replaced with either a thiophosphorylated RLC or a mutant RLC (T

Non-stretched laminar burning velocities, SL, of acetaldehyde + air mixtures at initial gas mixture temperatures, T, of 298, 318, 338, 348 and 358 K are reported for the first time. The flames were stabilized on a perforated plate burner at 1 atm using the heat flux method at conditions where the net heat loss from the flame to the burner is zero. Uncertainties of the measurements were analyzed an

The standardization of work processes has become an increasingly common feature in the public administration, aiming at both efficiency and equal treatment of citizens. Combining this standardization with employee motivation is considered a challenge. This challenge is explored, based on a survey among officials at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. Results reveal that, contrary to expectations,

Large scale infrastructure developments means balancing of partly conflicting interests of economic growth, social cohesion, environmental impact etc. How this balancing is done when the project hits the local context is depending on the legislative framework, for instance through building permits environmental assessment. Still, there can be a big difference between the intentions of the law, and

Background How many time's a word appear in a corpu's constitute's it's word frequency. Word frequency affect's memory in robust but puzzling way's. In free recall paradigm's high frequency (HF) word's are easier to recall than low frequency (LF) word's, in list's with homogenou's word frequencie's. If HF and LF word's are mixed together in a list thi's affect recall of HF word's negatively

Computer graphics plays an important role in modern engineering of manufacturing systems, both during design using virtual engineering environments and also as part of user interfaces to various machines. Existing and emerging systems today make use of software components, usually providing a graphical view to the user. In manufacturing, 3D graphics is desirable to visualize geometries of equipmen

In this chapter we discuss genetic science as a manifestation of modernity. Accordingly, we will, firstly, discuss the notion of modernity. Modernity will be understood and presented as epoch, as cultural and mental disposition. We will deploy a conceptual constellation which denotes specific and typical, constituting and regulating elements of modernity. Secondly, we will turn to the early develo