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To probe internal motions in proteins on the 10−8−10−5 s time scale by NMR relaxation, it is necessary to eliminate protein tumbling. Here, we examine to what extent magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) experiments on the water 1H resonance report on protein motions in this time window. We also perform a critical test of two physically distinct mechanisms that have been proposed to explain and int

The normal flora furnishes the host with ecological barriers that prevent pathogen attack while maintaining tissue homeostasis. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) constitute a highly relevant model of microbial adaptation in which some patients infected with Escherichia coil develop acute pyelonephritis, while other patients with bacteriuria exhibit an asymptomatic carrier state similar to bacterial

Limited information about the relationship between specific mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) and cancer risk exists.

Adsorption of mixed polymer solutions in good solvent containing polymers of different chain length has been studied by applying simulation techniques on a coarse-grained bead-spring polymer model. Fully flexible polymers at varying bead-surface interaction strength and different combinations of flexible, semiflexible, and stiff polymers at a single bead-surface interaction strength have been exam

A key question in Huntington's disease (HD) is what underlies the early cognitive deficits that precede the motor symptoms and the characteristic neuronal death observed in HD. The mechanisms underlying cognitive symptoms in HD remain unknown. Postmortem HD brain and animal model studies demonstrate pathologies in dendritic spines and abnormal synaptic plasticity before motor symptoms and neurodeg

Sore throat is common in primary healthcare. Aetiological studies have focused on the presence of a limited number of pathogens. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of a wide range of bacteria and viruses, including Fusobacterium necrophorum, in patients with pharyngotonsillitis and in asymptomatic controls. A prospective case control study was performed in primary healthc

Affinity proteomics, represented by antibody arrays, is a multiplex technology for high-throughput protein expression profiling of crude proteomes in a highly specific, sensitive, and miniaturized manner. The antibodies are individually deposited in an ordered pattern, an array, onto a solid support. Next, the sample is added, and any specifically bound proteins are detected and quantified using m

This paper examines lip and jaw kinematics in the production of labial stop and fricative consonants where the duration of the oral closure/constriction is varied for linguistic purposes. The subjects were speakers of Japanese and Swedish, two languages that have a contrast between short and long consonants. Lip and jaw movements were recorded using a magnetometer system. Based on earlier work sho

The effect of changing the block lengths of triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene oxide) -polystyrene -poly(ethylene oxide) on the relative viscosity of AOT oil-continuous microemulsions, with cyclohexane as the oil, was investigated. Five different microemulsion compositions were used to have (a) a series of increasing droplet concentration at constant droplet size and (b) a series with increasing

The capacity of murine liver dendritic cells (DC) to present bacterial Ags and produce cytokines after encounter with Salmonella was studied. Freshly isolated, nonparenchymal liver CD11c(+) cells had heterogeneous expression of MHC class II and CD11b and a low level of CD40 and CD86 expression. Characterization of liver DC subsets revealed that CD8alpha(-)CD4(-) double negative cells constituted t

In the present study we demonstrate that all CD4+ T cells in human tonsil expressing the Th2-selective receptor chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) also 1) express high levels of CXCR5, and 2) display a transitional CD45RA/RO phenotype and consistently do not produce significant amounts of cytokines when immediately analyzed ex vivo. Hence, they represent pr

The article deals with Soviet Communist terror from the Russian Revolution to Stalin's death, focusing on on the one hand its varieties and changes, on the other hand its basic mechanisms and moving forces.

Stopped-flow fluorescence studies were performed to investigate the kinetics of formation of complexes between DNA and cationic vesicles. We followed the kinetics as a function of charge ratio and lipid vesicle composition. Binary mixtures of a saturated cationic lipid, dioctadecyldimethlammonium bromide (DODAB), and a zwitterionic lipid, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), were used to prepa

Brown dwarf atmospheres form molecules, then high temperature condensates (corundum, titanates, silicates, and iron compounds), and then low temperature condensates (ices) as they cool down over time. These produce large opacities which govern entirely their spectral energy distribution. Just as it is important to know molecular opacities (TiO, H2O, CH4, etc.) with accuracy, it is imperative to un