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Lipoteichoic acid from Staphylococcus aureus was a potent inducer of procoagulant activity in isolated mononuclear cells but not in whole blood. In contrast, staphylococcal peptidoglycan showed equal levels of potency in isolated mononuclear cells and whole blood, suggesting that peptidoglycan is an important inducer of procoagulant activity in severe sepsis involving gram-positive bacteria.

Functionally distinct subsets within the T-helper (CD4+) cell population have been described in man, rat and mouse. We have shown previously that the CD4+ 45R- human lymphocytes are producers of IL-2 within 24 hr of polyclonal stimulation and are the major interferon (IFN) producers. The mAbs 4B4 (CDw29) and Leu 8 (p80) are here used together with Leu-18 (CD45R) to characterize the subpopulations

Protein D, a surface-exposed 42-kDa membrane lipoprotein, is well conserved among both type b and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strains, and it is considered a vaccine against H. influenzae infections. Here, we report the large-scale purification of a nonacylated form of protein D (PDm) from the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli overexpressing PDm. Screening of human sera for levels of an

Dampness in buildings has been linked to adverse health effects, but the specific causative agents are unknown. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by molds and toxic to higher vertebrates. In this study, mass spectrometry was used to demonstrate the presence of mycotoxins predominantly produced by Aspergillus spp. and Stachybotrys spp. in buildings with either ongoing dampness or a hist

Natural killer (NK) T lymphocytes are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes regarded as early regulators of immune responses. The majority of NKT cells are restricted by the CD1d molecule. NKT cells have mostly been studied in one single mouse strain, C57BL/6 (B6), because of the absence of NK1.1 in other common mouse strains, and the lack of other reliable surface markers for CD1d-restricted cells. To

Argues that there is no reason to dismiss species recognition as a possible cause of evolutionary change in moth sex pheromones. Selection for species recognition cannot explain all of the diversity in sex pheromones and the data supporting this contention are weak, but the alternative causes suggested, invoking mate choice between conspecifics as the mechanism of sexual selection, has no empirica

Only for three of the known defects in the metabolism of the amino acidsGABA, glycine, serine, and proline has a more-or-less efficient treatment been reported: the GABA catabolic defect, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency (vigabatrin, causing substrate depletion by inhibition of GABA transaminase); the glycine catabolic defect, nonketotic hyperglycinemia (diet combined with benzoate a

This special issue investigates Nordic individuals in transimperial spaces. It tracks Nordics on the move from the early modern period to the twentieth century, as they crossed imperial boundaries, and connected, networked, and operated in different spaces around the world within the framework of European global expansion. Though coming from countries with few or no formal colonies of their own, N

The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) can be read as a protofeminist text and a radical novel for its time, as it confronted the lack of maternal rights and protection for children. In this paper I discuss the portrayal of motherhood, and the factors that empower and restrict Helen. Using Sarah Lewis´s Woman´s Mission (1839) and her contemporary views of maternal duty, this paper explores the complex

The papers in this volume explore the cognitive neuroscience of second language acquisition from the perspectives of critical/sensitive periods, maturational effects, individual differences, neural regions involved, and processing characteristics. The research methodologies used include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and event related potentials (

The aim of this chapter is to provide researchers with a tool kit of semi-experimental and experimental techniques for studying code-switching. It presents an overview of the current off-line and on-line research techniques, ranging from analyses of published bilingual texts of spontaneous conversations, to tightly controlled experiments. A multi-task approach used for studying code-switched sente

This thesis aims to contribute to previous research on the global anti-gender movement by examining the narratives deployed by the organizations CitizenGo and International Organization for the Family, and by analyzing the worldview of the anti-gender movement through the lens of cultural backlash theory. Furthermore, the theoretical framework deployed to understand the narratives will have its ro

This chapter highlights the importance of collective conversations regarding how to navigate the complexity of positions, roles, stakes, interests and feelings that most researchers experience. The author explores a conversational format as a way of writing about affective reflexivity. The chapter departs in a PhD project focusing on the lived experiences of variations of sex characteristics, in o

The paper demonstrates the problem of translating modal verbs and phrases and shows how some of these problems can be overcome by choosing semantic representations which look like representations of passive verbs. These semantic representations suit alternative ways of expressing modality by e.g. passive constructions, adverbs and impersonal constructions in the target language. Various restructur