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Agricultural soils are the most important anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. This occurs via two main pathways: (1) from microbial-mediated oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and nitrate; and (2) denitrification. Most agro-ecological models explicitly deal with these two pathways albeit with different degrees of process understanding and empiricism. Models that integrate the impa
INTRODUCTION: Migraine is one of the top ten causes of disability worldwide. However, migraine is still underrated in society, and the quality of care for this disease is scant. Qualitative research allows for giving voice to people and understanding the impact of their disease through their experience of it. This study aims at synthesising the state of the art of qualitative studies focused on ho
Atmospheric inversions provide estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes between the surface and atmosphere based on atmospheric CO2 concentration observations. The number of CO2 observations is projected to increase severalfold in the next decades from expanding in situ networks and next-generation CO2-observing satellites, providing both an opportunity and a challenge for inversions. This study i
Climate projections from global circulation models (GCMs), part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6), are often employed to study the impact of future climate on ecosystems. However, especially at regional scales, climate projections display large biases in key forcing variables such as temperature and precipitation. These biases have been identified as a major source of uncertai
Baltic Earth is an independent research network of scientists from all Baltic Sea countries that promotes regional Earth system research. Within the framework of this network, the Baltic Earth Assessment Reports (BEARs) were produced in the period 2019-2022. These are a collection of 10 review articles summarising current knowledge on the environmental and climatic state of the Earth system in the
Accurate monitoring of glaciers’ extents and their dynamics is essential for improving our understanding of the impacts of climate and environmental changes in cold regions. The satellite-based Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) has been widely used for mapping snow cover and glaciers around the globe. However, mapping glaciers in snow-covered areas using existing indices remains a challengin
Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition is widely considered to increase CO2 sequestration by land plants on a global scale. Here, we demonstrate that bedrock nitrogen weathering contributes significantly more to nitrogen-carbon interactions than anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. This working hypothesis is based on the introduction of empirical results into a global biogeochemical simulation model over
In this study, we contribute to research on the history of entrepreneurshipeducation scholarship in the 1990s and early 2000s byfocusing on the Internationalizing Entrepreneurship Education andTraining Conference (IntEnt conference). Acknowledging the pioneeringinitiative of the IntEnt conference in a formative phase ofthe development of entrepreneurship as a teaching subject, ourstudy delves into
Uncertainty in our calculations of a system reveals the limits of our knowledge. This limitation makes model representations of the Earth system challenging and our predictions less reliable. However, despite appearing chaotic and non-linear, a system always follows a deterministic trajectory, which can often be expressed probabilistically. Building on this concept, this thesis applies data assimi
BACKGROUND: Early palliative care provides better quality of life, increased prognostic awareness, and even improved survival for patients with advanced cancer but how the integrated care model achieves these outcomes has not been completely explained.METHODS: To better understand the clinical approach to early outpatient care from the clinicians' perspective, we conducted focus groups with the pa
Semi-arid ecosystems, common across the Australian continent, strongly influence the inter-annual variability and trend in the global terrestrial net carbon sink. Here we explore the future Australian terrestrial carbon cycle using the CMIP6 ensemble, and the dynamic global vegetation model LPJ-GUESS. Uncertainty in Australia's carbon storage in vegetation ranged between 6 and 49 PgC at the end of
Background: A large part of the Swedish population is exposed to higher levels of air pollution than the health-centered air quality guidelines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Aim: The aim of the study was to illustrate the potential health benefits of cleaner air in Sweden by conducting a comprehensive health impact assessment, using a population sample of 100,000 individuals
Working as a nurse offers job security but also poses risks for mental health issues. This study aims to explore factors and processes that affected health and work experiences among nurses in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 nurses from high COVID-19 patient load areas (ambulance, emergency departments, ICU, infection wards, and specialized CO
The intricate relationship between climate change and the building sector is characterized by a self-reinforcing loop. Rising temperatures driven by global warming will inevitably impact heating and cooling energy, while buildings simultaneously contribute significantly to carbon emissions throughout their lifecycle, further exacerbating climate change. However, current knowledge regarding the int
Land cover and land management changes (LCLMCs) have a substantial impact on the global carbon budget and, consequently, on global climate via the biogeochemical (BGC) effects. The commonly considered BGC effects refer to the direct influence of LCLMCs on local carbon stocks (local BGC effects). However, LCLMCs also influence climate by altering the local surface energy balance due to changes in l
Advances in Earth observation capabilities mean that there is now a multitude of spatially resolved data sets available that can support the quantification of water and carbon pools and fluxes at the land surface. However, such quantification ideally requires efficient synergistic exploitation of those data, which in turn requires carbon and water land-surface models with the capability to simulta
The European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus) is an insect species that causes significant damage to Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests across Europe. Infestation by bark beetles can profoundly impact forest ecosystems, affecting their structure and composition and affecting the carbon cycle and biodiversity, including a decrease in net primary productivity (NPP), a key indicator of forest he
Accurately predicting terrestrial ecosystem responses to climate change over long-timescales is crucial for addressing global challenges. This relies on mechanistic modeling of ecosystem processes through land surface models (LSMs). Despite their importance, LSMs face significant uncertainties due to poorly constrained parameters, especially in carbon cycle predictions. This paper reviews the prog
Environmental gradients affect vegetation structure and ecosystem productivity. Along the northern Australia tropical transect (NATT), which transitions from tropical moist conditions in the north to arid conditions in the south, vegetation composition and structure are closely tied to rainfall patterns. We hypothesise that biotic competition and abiotic stress exhibit opposing patterns along the
