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Tax incentives can be a policy instrument to fund the arts and culture. Such incentives must meet certain rules and principles, including, for EU Member States, EU requirements. In addition, various other aspects must be taken into account in the appreciation of tax incentives as a cultural funding instrument. This includes, on the one hand, notions of fairness, concerns about ‘philanthrocapitalis
Water is essential for life. This is particularly true for terrestrial insects, whose small size and high surface-area-to-volume ratios render them especially susceptible to dehydration. To overcome this challenge, insects have evolved sophisticated physiological mechanisms and behavioral strategies to maintain internal ion and water balance despite fluctuating environmental conditions. This chapt
Under electrochemical polarization, many electrocatalysts can undergo oxidation that alters their reactivity and can lead to restructuring and dissolution. In this context, the structure-property relationships of electrocatalysts, as well as their kinetics and dynamic behaviour, are still poorly understood. This knowledge gap mainly relies on the limitations of many traditional spectroscopic and s
Let Hd2 be the Drury–Arveson space, and let f∈Hd2 have bounded argument and no zeros in Bd. We show that f is cyclic in Hd2 if and only if logf belongs to the Pick-Smirnov class N+(Hd2). Furthermore, for non-vanishing functions f∈Hd2 with bounded argument and H∞-norm less than 1, cyclicity can also be tested via iterated logarithms. For example, we show that f is cyclic if and only if log(1+log(1∕
General issues Basic features The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1966, and, after the required number of ratifications, it entered into force on 23 March 1976. To a large extent the Covenant, together with the simultaneously adopted International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, codifies in the for
The digitalisation of courtrooms brings both opportunities and challenges to the judicial process, shaping our understandings of trials and their participants in a myriad of, at times, unexpected ways, and transforming how we participate in, attend, engage with, and consume trials. While digital tools offer potential benefits, they can also impact core aspects of judicial integrity, such as the co
Recent studies find that women are less competitive than men. This gender difference in competitiveness has been suggested as one possible explanation for why men occupy the majority of top positions in many sectors. In this study we explore competitiveness in children, with the premise that both context and gendered stereotypes regarding the task at hand may influence competitive behavior. A rela
What does it mean to pose the solidarity question today? Beyond all analyses, solidarity remains first and foremost an event. In this book, leading authorities in law, philosophy and political sciences respond to the solidarity question, drawing on debates on international law, international aid, collective security, joint action, market organization and neoliberalism, international human rights
Stories of successful works have often dominated the history of Scandinavian encyclopedias. This is understandable given the rich encyclopedia tradition that characterizes the Scandinavian book market. Among the publications within this tradition, one encyclopedia stands out in particular. By being in print for more than sixty years, Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon had a special impact on the dev
Groundwater models can be powerful tools for managing groundwater resources, optimizing their use, mitigating risks, and provide decision-makers with forecasts of different management actions. To fulfill this purpose, it is generally advocated that a model should quantify the uncertainty associated with the outcomes it aims to assess, the rationale being that decisions made without an understandin
This chapter argues that the international community’s response to the Syrian civil war was a failure of resolute diplomacy. It first recounts how a popular uprising was brutally suppressed by the Bashar al-Assad government’s military forces, sparking a ‘new war’ where many of the protagonists have more to gain from war than peace. It then considers the diplomatic strategies pursued by regional an
It is a common view that benefits to the worse off should be given priority when health benefits are distributed. This paper addresses how to understand who is worse off in this context when individuals are differently well off at different times. The paper argues that the view that this judgment about who is worse off should be based solely on how well off individuals are when their complete live
Fluorescence, the optical phenomenon whereby short-wavelength light is absorbed and emitted at longer wavelengths, has been widely described in aquatic habitats, in both invertebrates and fish. Recent years have seen a stream of articles reporting fluorescence, ranging from frogs, platypus, to even fully terrestrial organisms such as flying squirrels, often explicitly or implicitly linking the pre
The switch process alternates independently between 1 and −1 , with the first switch to 1 occurring at the origin. The expected value function of this process is defined uniquely by the distribution of switching times. The relation between the two is implicitly described through the Laplace transform, which is difficult to use for determining if a given function is the expected value function of
In this introduction to “Truth Claims Across Media,” we approach pressing questions related to facts and fakes, authority and authenticity, information and disinformation through an intermedial perspective. As digital technology allows us to blend different media and modes on an unprecedented scale, we need to delve deeper into how our media choices impact our perception of truthfulness. We presen
Denna forskning fördjupar sig i frystorkning, en essentiell process inom läkemedels- och probiotikaindustrin, för att bättre förstå faktorer som påverkar probiotisk stabilitet under lagring. Frystorkningsprocessen och sammansättningen av frystorkade produkter påverkar signifikant probiotikas stabilitet, men faktorer som materialens inkapslingsegenskaper förblir relativt outforskade och kräver ytteThis research dives into the intricate world of freeze-drying, an essential process in pharmaceutical and probiotic industries, to better understand the factors affecting probiotic stability during storage. The process of freeze-drying and the composition of freeze-dried products significantly affect the stability of probiotics, yet factors such as the material’s encapsulation properties remain re
