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Isoelectric focusing (IEF) has had a long evolutionary process. The development of this technique was based on several original ideas and needed tremendous work. This chapter summarizes the progression of events that led to successful preparative and analytical applications of isoelectric focusing from the earliest "electrophoretic knowledge" until the modern theoretical advances.

With inspiration from the Arabic ḥāl-concept the book in which this chapter is included investigates circumstantial clauses in Arabic and Hebrew. It formulates a modern linguistic definition of the concept of ‘circumstantial qualifier’ and offers corpus-based pilot studies on circumstantial qualifiers in Pre-classical and Classical Arabic, Pre-exilic Hebrew, Modern literary Arabic and Modern spoke

In this article I discuss and analyse what is referred to as the standard account of discrimination as measured against a number of requirements any viable account of discrimination should satisfy. I also discuss how the standard account fails to explain how differential treatment based on genetic factors can be regarded as discriminatory.

Although Parkinson's disease is a movement disorder, in many patients cognitive dysfunction is an important clinical sign. It is not yet clear whether this is attributable solely to a decrease in dopamine levels, or whether other neurotransmitter systems might be involved as well. In the present study, the importance of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway and a possible convergence with forebra

The objective was to investigate if diffusing laser fibres can be modelled as conductive heat sources without miscalculating coagulated volumes, and if finite element analysis, disregarding light transport, may be used for three dimensional (3D) treatment planning in interstitial laser thermotherapy (ILT). Temperature distributions and coagulated volumes with a diffusing laser fibre, as compared t

This theoretical framework is developed for a research project regarding the specific case of the national policy process for Art and Music Schools in Sweden, a process to create national regulation for the first time in their history. The project focuses on inclusion of every child, but also specifically on inclusion of two particular groups of pupils: pupils in need of special support and refuge

In this paper we consider cipher systems that provide both secrecy and security for a given number of (subsequent) transmissions. We show that there exists a broad class of situations in which we can do better (less key requirement) than just concatenating a perfect secrecy cipher and an authentication code.