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In light of the EU’s growing compliance problem and the generalized decline in Commission-led enforcement, this thesis studies the phenomenon of Commission inaction against breaches of EU law, and, specifically, Art. 2 TEU. By focusing on its lack of action against Spain’s non-renewal of the General Council of the Judiciary, a long-standing breach of the rule of law, this thesis aims to shed light
Statligt stöd är ett område för konkurrenslagstiftning. Statsstödsåtgärder används för att avhjälpa marknadsmisslyckanden och hjälpa företag när de står inför svårigheter. Statsstödskontroll syftar till att skapa lika villkor för stödda och icke-stödda företag. Under finanskrisen 2007–2009 har flera banker stött på svårigheter, och medlemsstaterna har tvingats hjälpa dem på olika sätt. Europeiska State aid is an area of competition law. State aid measures are used to remedy market failures and to help undertakings when they are facing difficulties. State aid control aims at ensuring a level playing field between aided and non-aided firms. During the 2007-2009 financial crisis, several banks have encountered difficulties, and Member States have been forced to help them out through diverse m
BACKGROUND: Changes in glycosylation of serum proteins are common, and various glycoforms are being explored as biomarkers in cancer and inflammation. We recently showed that glycoforms detected by endogenous galectins not only provide potential biomarkers, but also have different functions when they encounter galectins in tissue cells. Now we have explored the use of a combination of two galectin
Background: Earlier studies have shown an association between secondhand tobacco smoke and allergy development in children. Furthermore, there is an increased risk of developing an allergy if the parents have an allergy. However, there are only few studies investigating the potential synergistic effect of secondhand tobacco smoke and allergic heredity on the development of an allergy. Methods: The
The master thesis ‘Cultivating Cultural Citizenship - Acclimatize and the role of creative practices in digital participatory art exhibitions dealing with climate change’ studies Moderna Museet Stockholm’s (The Stockholm Museum of Modern Art) exhibition “Acclimatize” by conducting a multi-method qualitative case study aimed at holistically understanding what role creative practices in a museum set
In the natural sciences, there are many processes involving the loss of tension in a stretched membrane. Thus, one can ask what would happen to a stretched membrane from which certain parts have been removed. One would see that overlapping parts result in some region of the membrane losing tension. Then, if one considers any part that loses tension to also be removed from the membrane, this newly
Organizing rural workers has always proved to be a challenge for the labour movement. This was especially the case in Scandinavia where well into the industrial era, labour and property relations in the agricultural countryside remained essentially feudal in character. Nonetheless, and especially in the rich agricultural districts of the southernmost province of Skåne, the Swedish labour movement
The hegemony of the private car is increasingly challenged as new policies and technologies affect passenger mobility. This study investigates how car-sharing is emerging and unfolding amidst established urban mobility practices. We apply a conceptual framework with seven elements based on social practice theories and transition literature to deconstruct practices in order to reveal how such (rela
The purpose of this paper was to develop a better understanding of the discursive, cognitive and emotional experience of symbolic management attempts of strategic change and its enactment in the organizational practice from both a managerial and a non-managerial perspective. To realize this research purpose, we conducted an explorative, ethnographically-inspired qualitative case study in a single
Shadowing from other vehicles can degrade the performance of vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems significantly. It is thus important to characterize and model the influence of common shadowing objects like trucks in a proper way. However, the scenario of a truck as an obstacle in highly dynamic rural and highway environments is not yet well understood. In this paper we analyze the distance de
The internet has brought about vast knowledge in the form of “data” to the 21st century. As a part of its digital single market strategy, the European commission has sought to develop a European data economy and consequently the regulation and allocation of data is becoming increasingly important. Both the General Data Protection Regulation (“GDPR”) and the Database Directive 96/9 (“DbD”) confer r
This thesis aims at analysing and discussing the rules and opportunities of using permanent establishment within financial structures. Financing structures between related parties can be seen as one of the most common tax planning tools for MNE´s. This planning is tackled by thin capitalization rules and is also under the observation of the transfer pricing guidelines. Whereas permanent establishm
Mammalian cells are frequently under stress leading to DNA damage because of UV exposure, ionizing radiation or genotoxic chemicals. Cells have evolved a DNA damage response (DDR) mechanism to ensure survival and pass on the correct genetic information to the next generation. MITF is a melanocyte-specific transcription factor. It has been shown to accumulate in the vicinity of DNA damage and its e
Barns rättigheter har konsekvent missbrukats under väpnade konflikter. Det har skett mer än 266 000 allvarliga kränkningar av barns rättigheter mellan 2005 och 2020, även om det verkliga antalet förmodligen är högre. FN har identifierat sex allvarliga kränkningar av barns rättigheter vid väpnade konflik-ter. Avhandlingen syftar till att belysa hur upprättelse för kränkningar av de sex allvarliga kChildren’s rights have consistently been abused during armed conflicts. There have been more than 266,000 grave violations against children’s rights be-tween 2005 and 2020, even though the real number probably is higher. The UN has identified six grave violations against children’s right during armed conflict. The thesis aims to highlight how the reparation for violation of the six grave violation
The purpose of the contemporary lay judge system is to represent society in court and provide insight as well as influence over the nation’s legal process, while still adhering to the legal guidelines of professional judges. However, against the backdrop of globalization of societies and the resulting political polarization, the question is whether the current lay judge system provides an adequate
This thesis investigates: 1) how the Hanfu is presented in videos on social media by young Chinese women and how the netizens respond to it, and 2) in what way the Hanfu Movement might be contributing to the legitimization of the Chinese government’s nationalism in Post-2013. Post-2013 China uses ancient Chinese culture to strengthen the country through national unity and the removal of Westerniza
The aim of this essay is to contribute to the field of research for language teachers in order to raise the awareness of the Education Act concerning the fundamental values which enforce an equal education for every student. Research made by the National Agency for Education presents results were the fundamental values are not incorporated satisfactorily into the daily teaching but rather dealt wi
This is a study of how two Swedish boys acquired verbs and verb related phenomena during their first 2;6 years of age. The study focus on the emergence of verb lexemes, personal pronouns, functional verbs, clauses of different types and clause subjects. The close relationship between pronouns and functional verbs in the beginning av the clause is studied in detail, and a certain type of more or le
