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Popular Abstract in Swedish Immunförsvaret, som även kan benämnas immunsystemet, kan betraktas som ett organ som är utspritt i hela kroppen istället för samlat på ett ställe. Immunsystemet består av ett stort antal vita blodkroppar som finns i blodet, ute i vävnaderna, samt samlade i lymfkörtlar och mjälten. Immunsystemets uppgift är att försvara oss från yttre faror som virus och bakterier samt aThe small intestine contains a large number of T lymphocytes within the single-layered epithelium that separates the gut lumen from the lamina propria. These intraepithelial T lymphocytes have potent cytolytic and immunoregulatory capacities, thought to be important for fighting infections, neoplastic growth, and sustaining epithelial integrity. This thesis is based on three original articles wit

Mean motion resonances are a common feature of both our own Solar system and of extrasolar planetary systems. Bodies can be trapped in resonance when their orbital semimajor axes change, for instance when they migrate through a protoplanetary disc. We use a Hamiltonian model to thoroughly investigate the capture behaviour for first- and second-order resonances. Using this method, all resonances of

We present the results of multiple simulations of open clusters, modelling the dynamics of a population of brown dwarf members. We consider the effects of a large range of primordial binary populations, including the possibilities of having brown dwarf members contained within a binary system. We also examine the effects of various cluster diameters and masses. Our examination of a population of w

When Axel Oxenstierna, Chancellor of Sweden, died in 1654, Sweden was a great power. In 1612, however, when Oxenstierna took office, Sweden was on the verge of collapse. In the east, she was menaced by Muscovy, in the south-east by Poland, and in the west by Denmark. One of the means to save the Swedish realm was through active diplomacy. Two important figures in Oxenstierna’s diplomatic network w

We investigate whether the recently observed population of high-velocity white dwarfs can be derived from a population of binaries residing initially within the thin disc of the Galaxy. In particular, we consider binaries where the primary is sufficiently massive to explode as a Type II supernova. A large fraction of such binaries are broken up when the primary then explodes as a supernova, owing

Part I of the dissertation examines the cognitive aspects of autonomy. The central question concerns what kind of cognitive capacity autonomy is. It will be argued that the concept of autonomy is best understood in terms of a metacognitive capacity of the individual. It is argued that metacognition has two components: procedural reflexivity and metarepresentation. Metarepresentation in turn can be

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative spiral-shaped bacterium that colonizes the human stomach and causes gastric inflammation, gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and MALT-lymphoma. A novel guinea pig model of H. pylori infection was developed. Infection was induced by oral inoculation and was confirmed by cultivation from the stomach mucosa. The infection led to severe gastric in

The composition of the labour force is an important economic factor for a country. Often the changes in proportions of different groups are of interest. In this paper we study a monthly compositional time series from the Swedish Labour Force Survey from 1994 to 2005. Three models are studied: the ILR-transformed series, the ILR-transformation of the compositional differenced series of order 1, and

Remote sensing is used by the Department of Environment, Climate change and Water (DECCW) for mapping and monitoring the extent of woody vegetation in the State of New South Wales (NSW). In the past DECCW has relied solely on Landsat imagery to provide for these requirements but the need to map woody vegetation change in landscapes such as open woodlands with scattered trees, grasslands, and highl

Self-tuning control of the dissolved oxygen concentration has been tested in full scale at the Käppala Sewage Works at Lidingö, Sweden. The controller has been shown to be robust during varying operating conditions. It also gives the potential for the estimation of interesting variables, such as the oxygen uptake rate. A number of water quality variables have been examined. Interesting couplings b

This paper explores the use of spreadsheets in budgeting in order to explain how and why spreadsheets are used or not used in budgeting practice. Guided by modern budgeting research, budgeting is considered as a social phenomenon which requires flexibility for decision-making and integration for management control. Twenty-one interviews with business controllers in eleven leading for-profit organi

Water vapor sorption isotherms are essential data in models to predict the service life of the cement based structures. The knowledge about sorption isotherms in the presence of supplementary cementitous materials (SCMs) is limited. This study investigates the influence of water to cement ratio (0.4, 0.5 and 0.6), and the presence of two SCMs (70% slag and 10% silica fume) on sorption isotherm in

n this paper a hardware architecture for an OFDM synchronizer is presented. The proposed synchronization unit can be used in any OFDM system that uses a cyclic prefix. The algorithm is based on the correlation introduced by the cyclic prefix, which is exploited in the time domain where both time and frequency offset are estimated simultaneously. The synchronization unit also performs frequency cor

Mid-infrared polarization spectroscopy (IRPS) was applied to detect HCl in flames. For the first time, sensitive and nonin trusive HCl detection with a manner of high spatial- and temporal-resolution in harsh reactive gas flow has been demonstrated in this work. In an atmospheric pressure premixed CH4/O-2/Ar flat flame, trace level HCl was prepared by seeding small amount chloroform through the Ar