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During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Sweden emphasized voluntary guidelines over mandates. We exploited a rapid change and reversal of the Public Health Agency of Sweden's COVID-19 testing guidelines for vaccinated and recently infected individuals as a quasi-experiment to examine sociodemographic differences in the response to changes in pandemic guidelines. We analyzed daily
Background: It is important to identify and evaluate cardiovascular risk factors at an early stage to address them accordingly. Among the younger population, the metabolic syndrome is less common than in older ages. However, each separate metabolic risk factor still has an additive effect on cardiovascular risk factor burden. Non-metabolic risk factors that occur in the younger population include
BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation following traumatic knee injury often focuses primarily on physical aspects. Lack of knowledge of psychological factors and appropriate strategies may be a barrier to meeting treatment recommendations to address these factors.PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate whether, and to what extent, Scandinavian physical therapists address psychological factors in tr
Background: More than 10% of the global population has a BMI above 35. Bariatric surgery is an efficient way to treat this condition. Unfortunately, there is a risk of nutritional deficiencies. The number of studies after a longer time span is scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of anaemia five and ten years after bariatric surgery and how it was related to substitution t
BACKGROUND: Low-level viremia during antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with inferior outcomes, but knowledge on the impact of low-level viremia in the current era of dolutegravir-based ART in low-income countries is limited.OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether low-level viremia predicts virologic non-suppression and attrition from care in people with HIV receiving ART in Ethiopia.METHO
Self-efficacy is tightly intertwined with person-centered care and correlates with engaging in self-care behaviors, an important part of hypertension treatment. Evidence indicates that e-Health-based self-management interventions could increase self-efficacy. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether an intervention with a person-centered approach supported by e-Health technology ca
BackgroundThis systematic literature review evaluates the effectiveness of Quality Management Tools (QMTs) in reducing Hospital-Associated Infections (HAIs) among adult inpatients in hospital settings.MethodsThe systematic literature review, following the PRISMA guideline, systematically analyzed relevant studies from 2013 to 2023 across three electronic databases: PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE, usin
Background: Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) has been associated with the risk of developing major bleedings, including but not restricted to intracranial hemorrhages, in patients on oral anticoagulants or dual antiplatelet therapy. We hypothesized that there may be an association of GDF-15 with incidence of hemorrhagic strokes in the general population, which has not been investigated be
The auto-ignition caused by oblique shocks was investigated experimentally in a supersonic flow regime, with the incoming flow at a Mach number of 2.5. The transient characteristics of the auto-ignition caused by shock evolvements were recorded with a schlieren photography system, and the initial flame kernel generation and subsequent propagation were recorded using a high-speed camera. The fuel m
A respiratory virus emitted in an aerosol particle will experience a tough journey with many obstacles before finding a new host where it can cause an infection (Fig. 1). By every second, its chances to replicate decrease due to removal by building ventilation, deposition on surfaces, or loss in infectivity. Thus, the transport of infectious viruses from the exhaled breath of one person to the inh
The development of new modes at x-ray free electron lasers has inspired novel methods for studying fluctuations at different energies and timescales. For closely spaced x-ray pulses that can be varied on ultrafast time scales, we have constructed a pair of advanced instruments to conduct studies targeting quantum materials. We first describe a prototype instrument built to test the proof-of-princi
Path integration is a computational strategy that allows an animal to maintain an internal estimate of its position relative to a point of origin. Many species use path integration to navigate back to specific locations, typically their homes, after lengthy and convoluted excursions. Hymenopteran insects are impressive path integrators, directly returning to their hives after hundreds of meters of
Simulations and comparisons on the influence of internal coolant crossflow of a novel film cooling hole design, called “sister holes”, and a baseline cylindrical hole were performed with an established turbulence model. The results show that sister holes can provide better film cooling performance than the baseline case at three blowing ratios, and as the blowing ratio increases the sister holes s
The aim was to investigate associations between health locus of control (HLC) and all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD), cancer and other cause mortality. A public health postal questionnaire was distributed in the autumn of 2008 to a stratified random sample of the 18–80 year old adult population in Scania in southernmost Sweden. The participation rate was 54.1%, and 25,517 participants were included i
In this work, the effect of a pin as a secondary surface mounted on hydrothermal behavior of impinging jet over a flat plate investigated numerically and experimentally. The transient three-dimensional turbulent flow is simulated by the Renormalization Group (RNG) k − ɛ model. The injection air is pulsed by square waves. In a radial arrangement, several differently shaped pins (i.e., circular, ell
The present study aims to investigate boiling heat transfer enhancement on coated surfaces, based on mechanistic models. An electrochemical deposition method was used to fabricate coatings on copper surfaces which enhance critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient of deionized water by 35.5% and 40.1%, respectively, compared with a smooth surface. Bubble dynamics indicates that regardless of
This research investigated convective heat transfer and hydraulic resistance of smooth and corrugated double-tube heat exchangers at various flow rates from 60 L/h to 200 L/h. The inner tube with a thread structure is designed with three pitches, i.e., 4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm. Nanofluids are used as tube-side fluids to analyze the enhancement of heat transfer on the inner tube side. Results show that
This article focuses on the role of lay health promoters in the Lindängen initiative, a community-based participatory research (CBPR) programme for health promotion that started 2016 in a low-income neighbourhood in the outskirts of Malmö, southern Sweden. The programme aimed to support equitable health and develop an innovative model for community health promotion. The purpose of this article is
Air pollution is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low-emission zones (LEZ) have been increasingly implemented in cities throughout Europe as a measure to reduce the adverse health effects and premature deaths associated with traffic-related air pollution. In the present study, a health impact analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of a hypothetical LEZ on mort
The internal heat exchangers of a vehicle in driving are excited by forced vibration due to road bumps. But the effect of this phenomenon on the thermal-hydraulic performance of the heat exchanger has not been systematically studied. To investigate the influence of this vibration on the heat transfer characteristics, a numerical model of the rectangular heat exchanger unit channel under vibration
