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Den europeiska varumärkesrätten är under förändring och nyligen antog Europaparlamentet ett nytt varumärkesdirektiv och en ny varumärkesförordning. En av de frågor som har varit mest omdiskuterad inför förändringarna är huruvida det räcker med användning av ett varumärke i en medlemsstat för att det territoriella kriteriet som är kopplat till bedömningen av verkligt bruk ska anses uppfyllt i artikThe European trademark law is under revision and recently the European Parliament adopted a new Community Trademark Regulation and a new Trademark Directive. One of the most discussed issues concerning the new legislation is weather it is sufficient to use a trademark in one member state to fulfill the requirement of genuine use in Article 15.1 in the Community Trademark Regulation. Previously the

Utländska direktinvesteringar i EU skapar arbetstillfällen och för med sig kapital samt expertis från hela världen. Utländska direktinvesteringar är dock inte helt utan risk då de även kan ge upphov till hot mot säkerheten eller allmänna ordningen i unionen. I syfte att hantera dessa risker antogs förordning (EU) 2019/452 av den 19 mars 2019 om upprättande av en ram för granskning av utländska dirForeign direct investments into the EU creates jobs and brings in capital and expertise from all over the world. However, foreign direct investments are not without risks as they can also cause threats to public policy or security in the Union. To mitigate these risks, the EU regulation 2019/452 of 19 March 2019 establishing a framework for the screening of foreign direct investments into the Unio

För erhållande av flyktingstatus krävs det att den sökandes skyddsbehov kan hänföras till någon av de skyddsgrundande egenskaperna i flyktingdefinitionen. Om den sökande har en välgrundad fruktan för förföljelse av en annan anledning är hen alltså inte flykting. Då den sökande anför ett skyddsbehov sur place på grund av konversion fokuseras bedömningen på om den sökandes skyddsbehov är hänförligt In order to obtain refugee status, it requires that the applicant's need for protection attributes to one of the grounds of persecution in the refugee definition. Thus, if the refugee has a well-founded fear for other reasons, they are not a refugee. When the applicant states a need for protection sur place, for purposes of religious conversion, the refugee status determination focuses on whet

GABAergic Neurotrasmission – A “cross-talker” between inflammation and neural plasticity in stroke Stroke is a leading cause of disability and no pharmacological treatment is currently available to promote recovery in suffering patients. A major part of research is focusing on finding new biological targets which can be pharmacologically intervened with, providing favorable results in facilitatin

I syfte att ge innehavaren av en patenträttighet möjlighet att snabbt få stopp på ett pågående patentintrång innehåller patentlagen (1967:837) regler om interimistiska vitesförbud mot intrångsgörare. Ett sådant förbud gäller till dess att slutlig dom meddelats eller domstolen beslutat något annat. Detta förfarande är väl använt inom patenträtten, och blir i praktiken ofta ett slutligt avgörande avIn order to provide a patent holder a possibility to quickly stop an ongoing patent infringement, the Swedish Patent act (1967:837) includes provisions on preliminary injunctions. A preliminary injunction is in effect until a final judgement has been given, or the court has decided otherwise. This procedure is well used in patent law, and in practice often becomes the final solution to a legal dis

Rockfalls occur around Sweden every year and the country lacks a national risk evaluation and an adequate regulatory framework for construction related to this natural hazard. The aim of this study is to address this problem by mapping areas under possible threat of rockfalls, considering two fundamental aspects: i) identification of the source areas and ii) estimation of the runout zones. The stu

När grundläggningen för en byggnad ska dimensioneras är snittkrafter och sättningar som kommer att uppstå i konstruktionen av stor betydelse. Det finns därför ett behov av att kunna beräkna dessa krafter och sättningar på ett säkert och relativt enkelt sätt.All buildings need a foundation that supports the structure. Since a layer of soil is most often in between a structure and the bedrock, a soil-structure interaction between the foundation and the soil beneath occurs. This interaction is of great importance when it comes to predicting the sectional forces that will arise in a structure, along with the settlement that occurs. Therefore the need to

Gut microbiota play a central role in metabolism for example in blood glucose homeostasis and appetite regulation. This thesis provides a prospect of using the bacterium Prevotella copri as a probiotic to help maintain a healthy gut microbiota as many evidences points towards probiotics to have a great potential as preventative agents or therapeutics for type 2 diabetes. In the first part of the tAccording to the World Health Organization (WHO) nearly 8.5% of the global population is affected by metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity which are one of the major causes of death and disability worldwide. This causes a huge financial burden on the healthcare system globally. Therefore, there is an urgent need to prevent, delay and treat these diseases and their debilitating com

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning Arktis har under de senaste årtiondena upplevt betydande uppvärmning och enligt prognoser förväntas ytterligare höjningar av både lufttemperatur och nederbörd under det kommande århundradet. Det förändrade klimatet har haft omfattande konsekvenser för permafrosten (ständigt frusen mark) som format och kraftigt präglar stora delar av det arktiska landskapet. Med öThe Arctic region has experienced significant warming in the past decades and according to predictions further increases in air temperatures and precipitation will occur during the 21st century. Recent changes in climate have had widespread implications for the permafrost around the Arctic. Shorter periods of snow covering the Arctic regions significantly reduce the average annual albedo which dra

Bakgrund: Ikea har under en längre tid upplevt problem med felaktiga kapaciteter registrerade i deras system. Idag finns det inget gemensamt arbetssätt för att registrera och uppdatera kapacitetsinformation och därför reflekterar inte informationen i systemet leverantörernas verkliga kapaciteter. Detta gör det svårt för företaget att kunna ha en överblick över kapaciteterna och hur de är allokeradBackground:IKEA has, during a long time, experienced problems with incorrect capacities registered in their system. There is no standardized way of working with registering and updating the information regarding capacity today. Therefore, the information regarding the suppliers’ capacities does not reflect the reality. Furthermore, the company does not have a clear picture of how the capacities ar

Background: Epidemiological studies that assess the health effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution are used to inform public policy. These studies rely on exposure models that use data collected from pollution monitoring sites to predict exposures at subject locations. Land-use regression (LUR) and universal kriging (UK) have been suggested as potential prediction methods. We evalua

Asylum seekers often find themselves in a situation where the structure and content of daily occupations have been disrupted and they might have limited access to paid work and education. Studies have shown that asylum seekers experience occupational depri- vation and a change in daily occupations which might even influence their identity. Such deprivation can eventually lead to dissatisfaction wi

The growing energy prices and energy consumption caused the interest about buildings with low energy consumption such as Passive house. Energy demand in households accounts for around one forth of the final energy needs in the EU (Intelligent Energy Europe 2006), and it is a potential for energy demand reduction. At the same time, environment protection with a reduction of CO2 emissions nowadays i

Texo AB is a private company which is specialized on development of looms for production of paper machine clothing. The company is located to Älmhult in southern Sweden and today employs about 90 persons. The calculation job treats 4 independent tasks, of which 3 is dealing with the same type of machine which is almost at the prototype state at the moment. The new machine TC 74 is a cam controlled

This thesis is inspired by the recent development within the Community concerning the standing of private parties to claims damages for harm caused by a breach of the EC antitrust rules. The European Court of Justice (ECJ) declared, in the cases of Courage and Manfredi, that this is a right deriving from the Treaty. In the wake of this change, the Commission has issued a Green Paper followed by a

The ''war on terror'' is very much a topic of the day. The main threat against the western society is said to no longer be armies controlled by belligerent states but non state actors, which by means of new technology have the potential of launching large scale attacks equivalent to attacks carried out by states. This thesis examines the means available in the military fight agains

The increasingly frequent use of forensic evidence in the prosecution of criminal cases should in the long run result in increased analysis of its effectiveness. To date, such analysis has been limited, most probably due to rights of parties to use forensic evidence to support their respective arguments in cases and the rights of the courts to assess and rely on such evidence in criminal cases. Pr

Skogsskador och skogsdöd är ett växande problem i Europa. "Svarta Triangeln", som ligger i bergsområdet där Tysklands, Tjeckiens och Polens gränser möts, är en av de värst drabbade områdena. I dagsläget saknas kunskap för att kunna förklara skogsskadorna helt och hållet, men markförsurningen i området, som orsakas främst av förbränning av svavelrikt kol i de många kolkraftverken, är trolForest decline is an increasing problem in Europe. "The Black Triangle" area, situated in the mountainous region where the borders of Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland meet, is one of the worst damaged areas. The reasons for the forest dieback are not fully understood, but the soil acidification caused by the burning of sulphur rich coal in the region is considered a major cause. To

Abstract: According to Skånemejerier executives, approximately 80% of greenhouse gas emissions occur on the farm. Public concern in greenhouse gas emissions has steadily grown over the past few years prompting inquiries about the amount of greenhouse gases are emitted by Skånemejerier during its course of business. The most common question received relates to the amount of greenhouse gas emitted i

Idrottande ungdomar, i åldern 12-20 år, har ett specialbehov vad gäller kosten i jämförelse med andra individer. Då ungdomarna fortfarande växer och utvecklas är en sund kosthållning ytterst angeläget för upprätthållande av en normal kroppslig utveckling. Dessutom ställs i och med idrottandet högre krav på näringsintaget eftersom mer energi- och näringsämnen samt vätska förbrukas på grund av den fYoung athletes, between 12-20 years, have special dietary needs in comparison to other individuals. Since these individuals are still growing and maturing, a healthy diet is of utmost importance for the maintenance of a normal physical development. Moreover; due to physical activity the requirements of energy, nutrients and fluids are higher for young athletes. In order to achieve optimal physical