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BACKGROUND: We measured serum levels of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) in patients treated with radical retropubic prostatectomy (rrP) for clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa) with a total PSA (tPSA)-level below 10 ng/ml to investigate whether hK2 can be applied to preoperatively distinguish organ-confined (pT2a/b) from nonorgan-confined (> or = pT3a)-PCa more accurately than total PSA.

Introduction Human breast tumors are heterogeneous and consist of phenotypically diverse cells. Breast cancer cells with a CD44(+)/CD24(-) phenotype have been suggested to have tumor-initiating properties with stem cell-like and invasive features, although it is unclear whether their presence within a tumor has clinical implications. There is also a large heterogeneity between tumors, illustrated

Statistical analysis of long-term morphological data on coastal sedimentary features provides important information on the processes governing these features and their evolution in space and time. In this paper, seasonal, yearly and decadal (i.e. long-term) behavior of coastal morphological features is derived from field data by using both simple and advanced statistical techniques. The sedimentar

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ökningen av växthusgaser i atmosfären har orsakat en global temperaturhöjning. Afrika anses vara en av de kontinenter som kan komma att bli mest utsatta av effekterna kring ökande temperaturer med mer frekventa torkor som följd. Satellitdata ger oss möjligheten att uppskatta biomassa över stora områden vilket i sin tur kan leda till att öka vår förståelse kring hur utbyWith the challenges Africa faces with respect to the predicted warming due to climate change, the continents role in the global carbon cycle has been increasingly recognized. Earth observing satellites have played a significant role in the study of vegetation, particularly in Africa where climate stations are sparse. Satellite data can provide the means to map plant primary production for monitori

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the influences of gestational age, the choice of fetal fluid compartment, and the algorithm for calculation on the estimation of the base deficit in umbilical cord arterial blood Lit birth. Study design: From 1995 to 2002, cord arterial blood gases and obstetric data were available for 43,551 newborn infants at 37 + weeks of gestation (cohort 1).

Popular Abstract in Swedish Nästan alla träd i våra skogar lever i samspel (symbios) med svampar. Många av dessa är ”vanliga” svampar, sådana som vi är vana vid att se och plocka i naturen, (exempelvis soppar, kremlor, riskor, flugsvampar och kantareller) men det finns också de som inte bildar fruktkroppar, eller har fruktkroppar som vi inte ser. Fruktkropparna, de som kan hamna i svampkorgen, är Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition is an environmental problem that can affect plants and microorganisms, which are vital for the terrestrial N and carbon (C) cycles. This thesis has investigated the response of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) to increased N deposition. Ectomycorrhizal fungi form mutualistic interactions with the roots of woody plants, including almost all boreal and temperate forests

Purpose: Free prostate specific antigen (PSA) in serum consists of heterogeneous molecular subforms. Recently we developed an immunoassay for selective measurement of a subfraction of free PSA called intact PSA, which has been shown to be closely associated with prostate cancer. We assessed the ability of serum intact PSA to discriminate between benign and malignant prostatic disease. Materials an

The present study was designed to determine the interrelationships between sex, weaning age, and weaning weight on aspects of physiological and gastrointestinal development in pigs. Forty-eight Large White x Landrace pigs were used in a factorial arrangement with the respective factors being: age at weaning ( 14 or 28 days), weight at weaning ( heavy or light), sex ( boar or gilt), and time after

Ensamrätten till ett varumärke är en dynamisk rätt, där skyddsomfånget förändras över tid. Skyddsomfånget avgörs utefter graden av särskiljningsförmåga, vilket innebär ett varumärkes förmåga att särskilja varumärkesinnehavarens varor eller tjänster från andra näringsidkares varor eller tjänster. Vid varumärkesregistrering är särskiljningsförmåga ett absolut krav. Är fallet så att ett varumärke helA trademark right is a dynamic right, where the scope of protection alters over time. The scope of protection is determined according to the degree of distinctiveness, which means the trademark’s ability to distinguishing the goods and services of one trader from the goods and services of another. A trademark must be capable of distinguishing to be registered. If a trademark has completely lost it

Fildelning innebär bland annat nedladdning och tillgängliggörande av upphovsrättsligt skyddade verk på internet. Detta orsakar ekonomiska förluster för rättighetsinnehavarna till verken. För att komma tillrätta med det utbredda fildelningsproblemet har rättighetsinnehavare börjat rikta ersättningsanspråk mot enskilda abonnenter. Detta bland annat genom att utsända förlikningserbjudanden i Sverige File sharing means, among other things, downloading and making copyrighted works available on the internet. This causes economic losses to the rights holders of the works. In order to address the widespread file sharing problem, rights holders have begun to claim compensation from individual subscribers. This, among other things, by sending settlement offers to subscribers in Sweden and Denmark. T

At the end of August 1999, the local government council of Malmö city decided that the area known as Kvarteret Bilen would be made available for the European Housing Exhibition 2001 (Bo01-mässan). Kvarteret Bilen extends over approximately 80 hectars and includes the western parts of the Western Harbour area (Västra hamnen) of Malmö. Kvarteret Bilen as a whole, but especially the western sections

Rapid development in the realms of electronic publishing has had a profound impact on information services in general and the academic library in particular. Since mid 1990´s an increasingly number of scholarly journals and other information resources have been made available electronically. Electronic books are the newest electronic service in the hybrid library and can be seen as the third wave

Parterna till en företagskoncentration måste ofta ändra den planerade transaktionen för att kommissionen anser att den påtagligt skulle hämma den effektiva konkurrensen inom gemenskapen. Kommissionen ser helst att de berörda företagen erbjuder sig att avyttra en verksamhet för att på så vis på ett permanent sätt upprätthålla eller återställa konkurrensen på marknaden. Denna typ av strukturellt korParties to a merger often need to change their original transaction plan because the commission’s investigation shows that the merger would lead to significant impediments of the effective competition on the common market. The Commission prefers the undertakings to divest such businesses or assets necessary to permanently maintain or restore an effective competition on the common market. However,

In northern Uganda, a war between the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) and governmnet troops has raged for more than twenty years. In this conflict, the civilian population has been made a target and subjected to mass scale torture, mutilation and murder. Almost two million people have been forced to flee their homes to reside in government protected camps for Internally Displaced Persons. In these ca

Samhället har genomgått en markant utveckling. Vi har lämnat industrisamhället och startat övergången mot ett allt mer kunskapsbaserat sådant. Detta får stora konsekvenser för arbetsmarknaden. Företagens nya krav på kunskap sätter varje enskild individs kunnande i fokus, vilket ofta är företagets viktigaste resurs. Maktförhållandet mellan parterna har förändrats och arbetsgivaren är inte längre deThe society has been through a radical change. We have left the industrial society and started the transit to a knowledge based one. This influences the market in many different ways. The companies’ new demands put the individual knowledge in focus, which now usually is the companies’ most important resource. The power configuration between the employer and the employee has changed and it is now n

Syftet med uppsatsen är att utforska och behandla statschefers rätt till immunitet vid grova folkrättsbrott. Den centrala frågan för uppsatsen är om statschefer idag kan begå brott mot folkrätten och ändå beviljas straffrihet. Immunitet för statschefer har utvecklats ur immuniteten för stater, som är baserad på att varje stat är suverän och likställd med andra stater. Fram till mitten av nittonhuThe aim of this thesis is to explore the status of the immunity afforded to heads of state for serious international crimes. The central question asked is whether heads of state at the present time can commit international crimes and still be granted impunity. The concept of head of state immunity developed from immunity afforded to states and is based on the principles of state-sovereignty and e

Popular science summary Are aerial drones the future for wild boar crop damage surveys? The wild boars are back, and they have returned in force. This is a rather recent trend since wild boars were extinct in Sweden until the 1970s and since then they have multiplied explosively, spreading all over central and southern Sweden. Their re-appearance has led to conflicts with human interests, namel

Almost 2 million people are living in Islamabad, significant number of workforce commute from neighboring areas and other parts of the country. The city is facing restraint on natural resources due to increased urban migration coupled with rapid population growth. As a result, the city infrastructure facilities and living conditions are deteriorating. The problems associated with drinking water av

Persondosimetri för vårdpersonal, som i sitt yrke exponeras för joniserande strålning, är ständigt ett hett ämne och under konstant utveckling. Stråldosen mäts och registreras för att uppfylla riktlinjer och lagar, som syftar till att hålla personal säkra vid arbete med joniserande strålning. Det finns en rad olika sätt att mäta stråldoser till en människa. För att effektivt uppskatta och mäta strWithin the field of medical radiation protection, radiation safety and personal dosimetry, there is a constant pursuit for improving existing methods and evaluating new approaches for measuring and quantifying the radiation doses that hospital staff may be exposed to in their clinical work. There are numerous ways of determining what doses the staff are being exposed to and the most commonly used

Governments around the world have begun to adopt measures in support of electric vehicles. The supply push policies have been traditionally studied leaving the demand side innovation policy without much investigation. Therefore, policy makers lack institutional knowledge and policy experience. The demand side innovation policies have always been part of the public policy decisions but not part of