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A new energy and angle resolved analyzer for photoelectron spectroscopy is described. This analyzer is based on combining an advanced focusing electron lens system with time-of-flight measurements. A position sensitive detector gives time and position for the electron events. From this information the kinetic energy and start direction are obtained through a transformation procedure, giving both a
Turbulent flow through 90 degrees pipe bends, for four different curvatures, has been investigated using large eddy simulations. In particular, the origin of the so-called swirl switching phenomenon, which is a large scale oscillation of the flow after the bend, has been studied for different bend curvature ratios. A classification of the phenomenon into a high and a low frequency switching, with
Oxidative stress results from a mismatch between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the organism's capacity to mitigate their damaging effects by building up sufficient antioxidant protection and/or repair mechanisms. Because ROS production is a universal consequence of cellular metabolism and immune responses, evolutionary animal ecologists have become increasingly interested in invo
The performance of new firms is important for economic development but research has produced limited knowledge about the key relationships among growth, profitability, and survival for new firms. Based on evolutionary theory, we develop a model about how new firms resolve uncertainty about their ability to prosper in a market by monitoring changes in profitability. Our model predicts selection pre
Results from a Monte Carlo investigation are presented for the application of the dual photopeak window (DPW) scatter correction method to phantom geometries of varying shapes, sizes, and densities as well as to several collimators. A Monte Carlo program was used to simulate a Tc-99m point source at locations of 0.5 cm from the phantom surface, at the center, 0.5 cm from the bottom, and 4/5 the di
We wanted to test whether living environment, occupation and social position are risk factors for asthma and chronic bronchitis/emphysema (CBE). The prevalence of bronchial asthma, CBE, respiratory symptoms and smoking habits in a random sample of 12,071 adults aged 20-59 years was assessed in a postal survey with a slightly modified questionnaire previously used in central and northern Sweden (Th
Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med avhandlingen är att undersöka bondeskapets (the peasantry)framtida existens. Analysen görs på global nivå, men framför allt på lokal nivå i samband med implikationerna av Mexikos nya jordreform från 1992. Bonden dekonstrueras i ekonomisk-och sociopolitisk aktör för att belysa hans/hennes complexitet. Försörjningsstrategier i tider då staten ersätts av markandThe thesis deals with a classical issue, that of the fate of the peasantry, in particular the process of the transformation of the peasantry. The aim is to explore whether there is a place for the smallholding peasantry in the future, or if the process of dissolution is inevitable. The discussion of this broad question is approached by first deconstructing the peasantry into economic actors and so
Activities of moulds from domestic dwellings are normally classified into three groupsprimary, secondary, and tertiary colonizersaccording to the minimum relative humidity they require to colonize a substrate. With the help of isothermal calorimetry it is possible to directly measure the thermal activity from moulds as a function of climatic parameters. This makes it possible to provide more preci
Sustainability science needs approaches that allow for the integration of knowledge across disciplines and scales. This paper suggests an approach to conceptualize problems of unsustainability by embedding the Drivers-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) scheme within a multi-level institutional framework represented by Hagerstrand's system of nested domains. The proposed taxonomy helps to decip
Expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules on islet endothelial cells is a central vascular event in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes. Previous studies demonstrated the ability of other vascular endothelial cells to express HLA and thereby to process islet autoantigens on their surface. We investigated whether the HLA-DQ2/8 genotype, which confers the highest risk for Type 1
Biomass cofiring in existing coal-fired boilers has emerged as a prospective option for voluntary reduction in CO2 emissions to mitigate the global warming problem. However, the associated cost increase plays a crucial role for this retrofitting. A techno-economic model for the estimation of economics of cofiring is presented in this paper using the pilot plant test results for biomass cofiring an
Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK) catalyze the first step in the intracellular cascade of fludarabine (2-fluoroadenine-beta-D-arabinofuranoside) and cladribine (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine) phosphorylation, which leads to activation of these prodrugs, commonly used for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Thus, resistance to nucleoside analogues may primarily be due
This work describes the use of focused, high-intensity light from a Ti: sapphire laser that generates femtosecond pulses to irradiate mixture of CeO2 and Tb4O7 under ambient conditions. The prepared samples were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD and XPS measurement results demonstrated that solid sol
ZnWO4, ZnWO4 : Fe and ZnWO4 : Mo crystals were investigated by the methods of time-resolved spectroscopy in the temperature range of 4.2-300 K. It is shown that the Mo and Fe impurities significantly reduce the light yield of ZnWO4. The main 2.5 eV emission of ZnWO4 and the 1.77 eV emission band of ZnWO4 : Mo are shown to originate from the triplet excited state of the WO6 and MoO6 complex, respec
Insights into oceanographic environmental conditions such as paleoproductivity, deep-water temperatures, salinity, ice volumes, and nutrient cycling have all been obtained from geochemical analyses of biomineralized carbonate of marine organisms. However, we cannot fully understand geochemical proxy incorporation and the fidelity of such in species until we better understand fundamental aspects of
Objective: To study selective regional binding for tau pathology in vivo, using PET with [11C]PBB3 ([11C]methylamino pyridin-3-yl buta-1,3-dienyl benzo[d]thiazol-6-ol) in tauopathies, and in conditions not typically associated with tauopathy. Background: Tau imaging is a promising tool to study the link between tau and neurodegeneration. The specificity of tracers in vivo however remains uncertain
In 1944 Weiss & Taylor presented experimental evidence against "neurotropism" in nerve regeneration. We used a silicone Y-chamber system to repeat some of those experiments. The proximal stump of transected rat sciatic nerve was introduced into the proximal inlet of the Y. One of the distal outlets was left empty, plugged or occupied by a tendon graft, the other outlet being occupied by a nerv
Reablement is a multidisciplinary, home-based intervention implemented for people at risk of functional decline and losing independence aiming to optimise functioning and independence in activities of daily living. There is limited knowledge about what characterises the intervention and the role of different professionals. The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics and difference
Camping is a recreational activity that links people with their physical surroundings and the environment. Hence, efforts in promoting camping activities may help promote sustainable and accessible recreation and tourism. This research focuses on preferences and barriers for camping in Israel as perceived by frequent, occasional, and noncampers. The findings of an online study with 665 respondents
