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BACKGROUND: Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) (Lynch cancer family syndrome I (LCFS1) and II (LCFS2)) is one of the most common hereditary cancer disorders. HNPCC results from dominantly inherited germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, leading to genomic instability and cancer. No predictive physical signs of HNPCC are available to date. AIMS: Increased complexity in t
Background: Patients with possible radiation induced cancer could be used to study if the rate of tumour cell proliferation is related to latency time. Such a finding could help researcher to find time periods when other initiating risk factors operate. Methods: Seventeen women with breast cancer, with a prior history of radiation treatment towards the parts or the whole breast, exclusive of the p
Experiments were performed to define quantitatively the substrate (K(+) and Cl(-)) dependence of the transport function (production of equally large and oppositely directed K(+)and Cl(-) flows/currents) of an earlier (Theander et al., 1999) identified electroneutral K-Cl cotransporter in the slowly adapting stretch receptor neurone of the European lobster. The experiments were based on microelectr
Ungdomsreduktionen i 29 kap. 7 § brottsbalken som innebär straffnedsättning för unga lagöverträdare vid straffmätning har under de senaste åren varit under omfattande förändring i straffskärpande riktning. Utvecklingen bryter mot en tradition av mildare straff för unga. Unga har länge särbehandlats straffrättsligt men detta har i större omfattning börjat ifrågasättas, då särbehandlingen kan anses The reduced sentence for juveniles in Chapter 29, Section 7 of the Swedish Penal Code, which entails a reduced sentence for young offenders at the meting out of punishment has in recent years undergone significant changes in a more severe direction. The development marks a departure with a tradition of more lenient punishment for young offenders. Juveniles have long been treated differently in cri
Sex-limited polymorphism is an interesting evolutionary phenomenon, which is widespread across organisms. Studying ultimate mechanisms that result in the evolution of sex-limited polymorphism can provide a window into how natural and/or sexual selection can result in the evolution of complex phenotypes. Here, I use butterflies from the tribe Polyommatini to study the evolutionary mode and tempo of
Uppsatsen behandlar skiljedomstolen Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) som med sitt säte i Lausanne i Schweiz har varit den huvudsakliga globala skiljedomstolen vid sporträttsliga tvister sedan grundandet 1981. CAS har många fördelar som tex snabba och effektiva avgöranden av skiljedomare med kompetens inom sporträtt, men dess opartiskhet och självständighet har ständigt ifrågasatts genom åren. The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) is a global arbitration court which has ruled in sports law since its establishment in 1981. The arbitration court is the main court in sport disputes and acts as the last resort where subjects of sport can appeal decisions from different sport bodies to which they are bound and that includes an arbitration clause to CAS in the relevant statute. Although pa
Introduction: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive method which uses a combination of a strong magnetic field and radio frequency pulses to image magnetic difference between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the human brain. This contrast differences can be used to identify areas in the brain when subjects performing an active task in the MRI scanner. It is also possibl
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The international character that surrounds the shipping industry has traditionally meant that rules regarding the public law of the sea or the private maritime law are internationally regulated through regulations, state practice, international conventions or international customary law. Since the 1970s, there has been an increasing concern for both the marine environment and the safety onboard sh
Ireland has for a long time been at the forefront of tax competition. Since the late 1950s incentives have been used in Ireland to increase industrial development. Prospective investors have been offered a broad range of financial and fiscal incentives, including capital grants, training grants and various forms of tax relief. The groundwork for this strategy was laid with the redirection of econo
BackgroundAssessment and treatment of the acutely ill patient have improved by introducing systematic assessment and accelerated protocols for specific patient groups. Triage systems are widely used, but few studies have investigated the ability of the triage systems in predicting outcome in the unselected acute population. The aim of this study was to quantify the association between the main com
Objective: Female childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of several late effects, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The objective is to study if POI is associated with risk of MetS and increased cardiovascular risk in CSS. Design: A cross-sectional study with a median time since the cancer diagnosis of 25 (12-41) years. Patients and controls were re
Compared to the well-known drivers of spatial variability in gross primary productivity (GPP), the relative importance of climatic variables, soil properties and plant traits to the spatial variability in net ecosystem exchange of CO2 between terrestrial ecosystem and atmosphere (NEE) is poorly understood. We used principal component regression to analyze data from 147 eddy flux sites to disentang
Purpose: The majority of unconscious patients after cardiac arrest (CA) do not fulfill guideline criteria for a likely poor outcome, their prognosis is considered “indeterminate”. We compared brain injury markers in blood for prediction of good outcome and for identifying false positive predictions of poor outcome as recommended by guidelines. Methods: Retrospective analysis of prospectively colle
BACKGROUND: Radon is an inert gas formed from the decay of naturally-occurring materials in the earth's crust. It infiltrates into homes from soil, water, and construction materials. Its decay products are radionuclides, which attach to ambient particles. Residential radon is one of the leading risk factors for lung cancer. The scarce evidence for associations with other mortality causes originate
Background Influenza and other respiratory viruses promote Streptococcus pneumoniae proliferation in the upper respiratory tract. We sought to investigate for what we believe is the first time, the effect of intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) on nasopharyngeal S pneumoniae density in a low-income to middle-income country population with high pneumococcal carriage rates. Methods I
For the past 30 to 40 years, well before the concept of sustainable development became politically correct, regulation of the environment has been covered by Environmental Protection Agencies worldwide. Perhaps one of the most important things that we have learned is that regulations have significant costs, not just benefits, and that analysis of the cost and benefit of proposed rules is an indisp
Background: Mental health problems are prevalent among adolescents with severe obesity, but long-term mental health outcomes after adolescent bariatric surgery are not well known. We aimed to assess mental health outcomes over 5 years of follow-up after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in adolescents who participated in the Adolescent Morbid Obesity Surgery (AMOS) study. Methods: This was a non-ra
