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BACKGROUND: Different movement efficiency in overweight children may affect accelerometer output data. The purpose was to investigate the ability of accelerometers to assess physical activity intensity and number of steps in normal-weight compared with overweight children. METHODS: Eleven normal-weight and 14 overweight African American children walked at 2, 4, 5, and 6 km/h on a treadmill wearin

Thiazide diuretics have been recommended as a first-line antihypertensive treatment, although the choice of 'the right drug in the individual essential hypertensive patient' remains still empirical. Essential hypertension is a complex, polygenic disease derived from the interaction of patient's genetic background with the environment. Pharmacogenomics could be a useful tool to pinpoint gene varian

In migratory birds, arrival date and hatching date are two key phenological markers that have responded to global warming. A body of knowledge exists relating these traits to evolutionary pressures. In this study, we formalize this knowledge into general mathematical assumptions, and use them in an ecoevolutionary model. In contrast to previous models, this study novelty accounts for both traits-a

This thesis gives some background information on environmental issues as the scientific community at large currently sees it. It tries to relate the plethora of current combustion technologies which may be used in gas turbines to those issues. Some basic principles on combustion design are given. Different candidate fuels for gas turbine combustion are discussed. Combustion of bio-fuels is treated

BACKGROUND: Epithelial cells form the mucosal barriers that prevent the entry of mucosal pathogens, and respond to bacterial infections by producing various host defense molecules. In this study, we examined the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) response of primary human renal tubular epithelial cells (HRTEC) following infection with uropathogenic Escherichia coli Hu734, or stimulation with l

In recent years a new generation of tracking particle detectors has been developed for particle physics experiments. One such detector, the microstrip gas counter (MSGC) is similar to the multiwire proportional chamber but consists of fine strips of metal on a substrate rather than suspended wires. The main feature of this device is the sub-millimetre readout spacing. When filled with tissue-equiv

5-Hydroxytryptamine has been suggested to be a mediator in peripheral cold-induced vasospasm. In order to investigate the contribution of different 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes in the contractile response during cooling, segments of subcutaneous hand veins obtained from 50 patients undergoing hand surgery were examined in vitro in organ baths. The temperature in the bath was initially 37

Context/Objective: To effectively normalize IGF-I in patients with acromegaly, various covariates may affect dosing and plasma concentrations of pegvisomant. We assessed whether sex, age, weight, and previous radiotherapy influence dosing of pegvisomant in patients with active disease. Design: Data from 69 men and 49 women participating in multicenter, open-label trials of pegvisomant were retrosp

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: We previously reported an association between tumor-specific 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutharyl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR) expression and a good prognosis in breast cancer. Here, the predictive value of HMG-CoAR expression in relation to tamoxifen response was examined. METHODS: HMG-CoAR protein and RNA expression was analyzed in a cell line model of tamoxifen resistance usin

Several in vitro studies have emphasized the importance of toll-like receptor/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling in the inflammatory response to Streptococcus pyogenes. Since the extent of inflammation has been implicated in the severity of streptococcal diseases, we have examined here the role of toll-like receptor/MyD88 signaling in the pathophysiology of experimental S. pyogene

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation are critical events in vascular proliferative diseases. Recent studies have established micro-RNAs (miRNAs) as important mediators for the modulation of VSMC phenotype by targeting transcription factors and the cytoskeleton, which act as molecular switches for VSMC differentiation. The importance of miRNAs for VSMC development, differe

We monitored gastrin release in response to locally applied candidate messengers in intact conscious rats. Earlier studies have been performed on anaesthetized animals, isolated pieces of antrum, or purified preparations of gastrin cells. In this study we created an experimental situation to resemble physiological conditions, using reverse microdialysis to administer regulatory peptides and amines

Collagen type II (CII) is a relevant joint-specific autoantigen in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Whereas the reasons for the breakage of self tolerance to this major cartilage component are still enigmatic, T cell responses to glycosylated CII determinants in RA patients indicate that post-translational modifications play a role. Since the conversion of arginine into citrulline by

Helicobacter pylori is a major factor for the development of gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to define serum antibody patterns associated with H. pylori infection in patients with gastric cancer using a Western blot technique. Serum samples collected from 115 patients with gastric cancer and 110 age- and gender-matched patients without gastrointestinal diseases were tested for IgG antibo