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Background: Vertebral fractures are associated with back pain and disability; however, relatively little is known about the impact of radiographic vertebral fractures on quality of life in population samples. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a recent radiographic vertebral fracture on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods: Men and women aged 50 years and over were rec
In hydrological models for water resources management and planning, the model output or design quantities are functions of the input data and a number of parameters that are essentially stochastic processes or random variables. The task of uncertainty analysis is to estimate the uncertainty characteristics of the model output in terms of the uncertainties in the input, model parameters and initial
The sympathetic nervous system has been shown to exert a trophic influence on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Therefore, we studied the growth-regulating effects of the sympathetic cotransmitters ATP, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and norepinephrine (NE). ATP in concentrations of 1-100 microM greatly increased the incorporation of [3H]thymidine in VSMC from rat aorta and vena cava. ATP also increased
Popular Abstract in Swedish I mer än tre årtionden har kvinnors situation och främjandet av jämställdhet mellan kvinnor och män lyfts fram inom utvecklingssamarbetet. Bilaterala organisationer har gjort politiska åtaganden och utvecklat strategier, metoder och instrument för att uppnå detta viktiga mål. Som uppföljning på FNs fjärde kvinnokonferens i Peking (1995) är det viktigt att analysera vad Gender equality has been on the development cooperation agenda for more than three decades. Bilateral agencies have developed policies, strategies, methodologies and tools to support achievement of this important goal. Following the Fourth United Nations Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995 it is important to take stock of the progress that has been made, and identify the changes needed for movi
Background. It is well known that portacaval shunting ultimately leads to a decrease in liver volume and hepatic function, but the mechanism is uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of portacaval shunting (PCS) upon the morphological changes that occur in the liver in rats after port caval. anastomosis. Materials and methods. Sixty-six male rats underwent either PCS (n
Isotropic and anisotropic ESR spectra were observed for the radical anions of hexafluorocyclobutene (c-C4F6-), octafluorocyclopentene (c-C5F8-) and perfluoro-2-butene (CF3CFCFCF3-) in γ-irradiated plastically crystalline neopentane, tetramethylsilane (TMS) and TMS-d12 matrices, or the rigid 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) matrix. The isotropic spectra of c-C4F6- and c-C5F8- are characterized by thr
Background: alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) is one of the major serine proteinase inhibitors controlling proteinases in many biological pathways. There is increasing evidence that AAT is able to exert other than antiproteolytic effects. To further examine this question we compared how various doses of the native (inhibitory) and the polymerised (non- inhibitory) molecular form of AAT affect pro-inflammat
Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is one of the most commonly used animal models for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CIA is induced in susceptible mouse strains after immunization with heterologous type II collagen (CII). In mice of the H-2q haplotype rat CII (rCII) is used whereas in mice of the H-2r haplotype bovine CII is utilized. The broad objective of this thesis was to gain an understanding of th
The prevalence of tattoos in western countries is about 20%. Tattoo ink may contain carcinogenic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate if tattoo exposure is associated with an increased risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in individuals. In this population-based case-control study, 2857 cases aged 20 to 60 years, diagnosed between 2014 and 2017, were identified in the Swedish C
Context. A gravitational wave (GW) passing through an astrometric observer causes periodic shifts of the apparent star positions measured by the observer. For a GW of sufficient amplitude and duration, at a suitable frequency, these shifts might be detected with a Gaia-like astrometric telescope. Aims. This paper is aimed at making a detailed analysis of the effects of GWs on an astrometric soluti
This thesis investigates all aspects of quality and evaluation issues concerning collections of Internet links in public libraries today and in the future. We have studied central theories concerning quality in general as well as quality aspects regarding the Internet and Internet links. In addition to this we have made three case-studies involving the development of collections of Internet links
This thesis aims to offer insights into the initiation and development of modern (rural) bioenergy systems. For this reason, the thesis explores the formation, evolution and regional effects of three bioenergy projects ? a biodiesel cooperative, a biomass district heating plant and a biogas plant ? that are co-located within the small rural community of Mureck, in Austria. It finds that the three
Household energy efficiency policy in Germany gets more and more differentiated since an increasing number of policy instruments targeting various fields of application are imple-mented and proposed by policymakers. Therefore, overlaps between such policy instruments become more likely. On the one hand, positive overlaps may allow realising synergies like an increased effectiveness or reduced cost
The European Union is developing a common asylum system. The goal is to create certain minimum standards regulating the reception and procedures regarding asylum seekers and refugees. The Dublin II Regulation is one of the legal instruments created in this process. It determines which state is responsible for any particular asylum seeker and for their asylum application. The member state that allo
In theory, a perfectly competitive market is a market where there are many suppliers of products, their products are substitutable, all suppliers are price-takers and not price-makers, and there are no significant barriers to market entry. The opposite of perfect competition is total market domination, or monopoly. That is a market where there is only one supplier of products and where significant
In the past few decades the ways of addressing past atrocities in states on the verge of transition from abusive regimes to human rights abiding democracies have developed into an area of international law commonly known as 'Transitional Justice'. The focus lies on facilitating the transition through different measures with the purpose of addressing the past and seeking reparation for the
A new sampling method, termed negligible depletion hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction, was developed for sensing the freely dissolved concentration (C free) and evaluating the availability of atrazine (ATR), desethyl atrazine (DEA), and simazine (SIM) in water. The sampling device was prepared by impregnating 1-octanol to both the pores and the lumen of a piece of polypropylene mi
Background and Objectives. From 1994 to 1997 we conducted a population-based, prospective study on intensive therapy in newly diagnosed symptomatic myeloma patients younger than 60 years, comparing their survival to that of a conventionally treated historic population. Long-term results are presented, including the impact of the degree of response on survival and relapse pattern after transplantat
Poststernotomy mediastinitis, also commonly called deep sternal wound infection, is one of the most feared complications in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The overall incidence of poststernotomy mediastinitis is relatively low, between 1% and 3%, however, this complication is associated with a significant mortality, usually reported to vary between 10% and 25%. At the present time, there is
In the first century CE, synagogues existed not only in the land of Israel but in all parts of the Roman Empire where Jews lived. Although incorporating a number of activities, the most characteristic features of this institution were the public reading and teaching of torah, making the synagogue an unparalleled institution in the ancient world. But how, when, where, and why did this unique instit
