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The thesis discusses closed-loop control of the hypnotic and the analgesic components of anesthesia. The objective of the work has been to develop a system which independently controls the intravenous infusion rates of the hypnotic drug propofol and analgesic drug remifentanil. The system is designed to track a reference hypnotic depth level, while maintaining adequate analgesia. This is complicat
Recent developments in extremum seeking theory have established a general framework for the methodology, although the specific implementations, particularly in the context of multi-agent systems, have not been demonstrated. In this work, a group of sensor-enabled vehicles is used in the context of the extremum seeking problem using both local and global optimisation algorithms to locate the extrem
Histone H I conjugated superparamagnetic nanoparticles were assessed for their ability to work as magnetic tracers in conjunction with the relative magnetic permeability metre (MPM-100) for the detection and quantification of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). The method employed was based on the electrostatic adsorption of DNA (analyte) to amino group derivatised silica (carrier) and subsequent binding
Aims: To investigate whether a high level of commonly experienced physical and mental symptoms could predict long spells of sickness absence in Swedish women and, further, to investigate the causal pattern of socioeconomic and psychosocial factors in relation to long spells of sickness absence. Methods: A questionnaire containing items on socioeconomic and psychosocial variables was sent to a rand
Aim The aim of this work was to estimate on a regional scale the effects of nitrogen (N) deposition and harvest intensity on N-budgets in forest soils as a basis for strategies of emission reduction and sustainable forest management methods. Location The calculations were applied to Sweden, a country with a managed forest area of 23 x 10(6) ha. Methods Mass balance calculations, including N-deposi
Contractile responses to phenylephrine and high-K+ were investigated in vitro in microvascular preparations from the rat medial plantar artery, a branch from the saphenous artery, obtained after short-term denervation in vivo. Two groups of animals were studied: (1) animals undergoing surgical resection of the saphenous nerve, and (2) animals undergoing surgical resection of both the sciatic and s
OBJECTIVES: Exposing a hind leg of a rat to vibration induces an injury to the sciatic nerve--a so called conditioning lesion. After such injury induced by vibration the regenerative capacity of the nerve is improved and can be detected as an increased axonal outgrowth from a test crush lesion to the same nerve. The purpose was to study whether the effect of a conditioning lesion induced by vibrat
We counted butterflies in almost all open grasslands in an area of 8000 hectare over five years (2001-2005) in the central part of the parish of Stenbrohult, southern Sweden (Fig. 1; 56 degrees 37' N, 14 degrees 11' O). This area is currently dominated by forests. Grasslands, mainly grazed by cattle and horses, only cover about 6 % of the area. The study area consisted of 18 farms, most ot them ar
BACKGROUND: Although parasitism has been acknowledged as an important selective force in the evolution of host life histories, studies of fitness effects of parasites in wild populations have yielded mixed results. One reason for this may be that most studies only test for a linear relationship between infection intensity and host fitness. If resistance to parasites is costly, however, fitness may
Models generated by de novo structure prediction can be very useful starting points for molecular replacement for systems where suitable structural homologues cannot be readily identified. Protein-protein complexes and de novo-designed proteins are examples of systems that can be challenging to phase. In this study, the potential of de novo models of protein complexes for use as starting points fo
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease, where the blood glucose concentration of the patient is elevated. This is either because of missing insulin production due to failure of the β-cells in the pancreas (Type 1) or because of reduced sensitivity of the cells in the body to insulin (Type 2). The therapy for Type 1 diabetic patients usually consists of insulin injections to substitute for the miss
The Swedish classroom of today displays linguistic, cultural, and social diversity. Hence, if a teacher is to be able to assist each pupil in a language development regarding the elaborated language as well as the private, a new kind of work with language care and deeper knowledge of language norms are required. Furthermore, the elaborated language is consistently changing as a result of the logic
Recent contributions to ecological economics and related social sciences indicate that issues such as climate change, resource depletion and environmental degradation cannot be effectively addressed under conditions of continued economic growth. This paper aims at empirically identifying structural potentials and policy challenges for prosperity at scaleswhere economic development remainswithin ec
Popular Abstract in Swedish Rökning är den vanligaste och viktigaste riskfaktorn för att få sänkt lungfunktion. Kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) orsakas oftast av rökning, men drabbar inte alla som röker. Det är en sjukdom som ger försämrad lungfunktion och de som drabbas upplever andfåddhet och hosta, ibland med slemproduktion. För att ställa diagnosen KOL krävs att lungfunktionen har undersSmoking is the most common and important risk factor for reduced lung function. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) affects mainly smokers and is characterized by airflow obstruction, assessed using one of two major diagnostic spirometric criteria. Aspects of lung function besides spirometry in smokers fulfilling none, either or both of the spirometric criteria for COPD are not well known
Both logisticians and tax lawyers design global supply chains – but based on different logics. If they do not align each other’s perspectives, problems might occur in different areas. The purposes of this paper are to 1) illustrate the impact the tax system could have on supply chain design, 2) reflect (from both perspectives) on how the rules function. 3) propose a common communication platform
In this work we report on the evolution of the structure of two model ionic liquid families, N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium (Pyr(1n)-TFSI) and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium (C(n)MIm-TFSI) (n = 3, 4, 6 and 8) both containing the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) anion, upon the addition of LiTFSI using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The introduction of a lithium salt (Li-salt) tunes the
A global faunal crisis close to the Eifelian-Givetian stage boundary in the mid-Devonian has been purported to be related to the impact of one or two major extraterrestrial bodies. This was based on unusual mineralogical and chemical features within a distinct composite marl bed, at a level c. 40 cm below the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Eifelian-Givetian boundary at Jebel Me
Hot-carrier solar cells are envisioned to utilize energy filtering to extract power from photogenerated electron-hole pairs before they thermalize with the lattice, and thus potentially offer higher power conversion efficiency compared to conventional, single absorber solar cells. The efficiency of hot-carrier solar cells can be expected to strongly depend on the details of the energy filtering pr
