Sökresultat

Popular Abstract in Swedish I världen beräknas det finnas cirka 38 miljoner blinda människor enligt Värdshälsoorganisationen (WHO). Av dessa är 1,5 miljon barn under 16 år. Blindhet definieras av WHO som bästa korrigerade synskärpa under 0,05 (man klarar således inte att läsa översta raden på en vanlig synprövningstavla på halva normalavståndet), detta med bästa glasögonkorrektion och med båda ögoKnowledge of the epidemiology of visual impairment in children forms one of the cornerstones in paediatric ophthalmology. To gain an overview of the situation in Sweden an epidemiological study was performed. Totally 2373 visually impaired children were found, giving an age-specific prevalence of 10,9/10 000. Childhood blindness (i.e. vision <0,05) was seen in 25%. Male/female ratio was 1,20. Addi

DNA- cationic amphiphile and DNA-cationic polymer systems were studied with respect to the intermolecular interactions, as well as structure and stability of formed complexes. The thesis is divided in two parts: one section is a summary and the other section contains five papers. The summary is organized as follows; Chapter 2 gives an overview on the behavior of polyelectrolytes in solutions with

Eukaryotic cells possess sensitive systems for the detection of microbes and microbial-derived products. Bacteria-eukaryotic cells contact triggers several signaling pathways, most of which are dependent on protein-protein interactions followed by phosphorylation, leading to activation of defense mechanisms. Yersinia bacteria have evolved different strategies to interfere with eukaryotic host defe

Popular Abstract in Swedish Denna avhandling sammanfattar studier av en ny biologisk markör för påvisande av alkoholmissbruk. Alkoholmissbruk är ett omfattande hälsoproblem i många delar av världen och Sverige är inte på något sätt undantaget. Man har beräknat att ca 15% av alla män och 10% av alla kvinnor i detta land står för hälften av all alkoholkonsumtion. Det föreligger alltså en onormal förBiological markers offer a way of assessing ethanol intake and determining whether a health problem is alcohol related. This study investigated the use of phosphatidylethanol (PEth) in blood as a new marker of alcohol abuse. PEth is an abnormal phospholipid, formed only in the presence of ethanol via the transphosphatidylation reaction of phospholipase D (PLD). A new HPLC-evaporative light scatter

Systemic immunosuppression is a risk factor for melanoma, and sunburn-induced immunosuppression is thought to be causal. Genes in immunosuppression pathways are therefore candidate melanoma-susceptibility genes. If variants within these genes individually have a small effect on disease risk, the association may be undetected in genome-wide association (GWA) studies due to low power to reach a high

Objective: To evaluate metal artefact reduction (MAR) techniques from four CT vendors in hip prosthesis imaging. Methods: Bilateral hip prosthesis phantom images, obtained by using MAR algorithms for single-energy CT data or dual-energy CT (DECT) data and by monoenergetic reconstructions of DECT data, were visually graded by five radiologists using 10 image quality criteria. Comparisons between th

The complement system is an arm of innate immunity that aids in the removal of pathogens and dying cells. Due to its harmful, pro-inflammatory potential, complement is controlled by several soluble and membrane-bound inhibitors. This family of complement regulators has been recently extended by the discovery of several new members, and it is becoming apparent that these proteins harbour additional

In the present study, we applied a regularized inversion method to extract the particle size, magnetic moment and relaxation-time distribution of magnetic nanoparticles from small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), DC magnetization (DCM) and AC susceptibility (ACS) measurements. For the measurements the particles were colloidally dispersed in water. At first approximation the particles could be assume

Today, digitalization is the single most significant change factor for the construction sector as well as for society in general, which will bring new opportunities for intelligent and sustainable cities, efficient management of available resources and a general reduction of carbon emissions. Digitalization will enable continuous and integrated information exchange between all actors of the constr

Norway spruce (Picea abies) is one of the dominant tree species in the European boreal zone with the capacity to grow over large areas within Europe. It is an important emitter of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which can act as precursors of photochemical smog and ozone and contribute to the formation and growth of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere.Isoprenoid emissio

Nutrients constrain the soil carbon cycle in tropical forests, but we lack knowledge on how these constraints vary within the soil microbial community. Here, we used in situ fertilization in a montane tropical forest and in two lowland tropical forests on contrasting soil types to test the principal hypothesis that there are different nutrient constraints to different groups of microorganisms duri

Weather and climate conditions can have large impacts on the outcome of forest management operations: Suboptimal conditions can increase the amount of driving damage to forest ground caused by the heavy machines used for harvesting, forwarding and soil scarification. Planting of tree seedlings is commonly practised after clear cutting, and drought in summer or soil frost uplifting in autumn reduce

Background: Mitochondrial diseases due to defective respiratory chain complex III (CIII) are relatively uncommon. The assembly of the eleven-subunit CIII is completed by the insertion of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein, a process for which BCS1L protein is indispensable. Mutations in the BCS1L gene constitute the most common diagnosed cause of CIII deficiency, and the phenotypic spectrum arising fr

Background: Prenatal maternal phthalate exposure has been associated with wheeze and asthma in children, but results are inconclusive. Previous studies typically assessed exposure in late pregnancy, included only a small number of old phthalates, and assessed outcomes in children aged 5 years or older. Objective: We explored associations between 1st trimester prenatal maternal exposure to a wider

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) affects, and claims the lives of, millions every year. Despite efforts to find and treat TB, about four million cases were missed globally in 2017. Barriers to accessing health care, inadequate health-seeking behavior of the community, poor socioeconomic conditions, and stigma are major determinants of this gap. Unfortunately, TB-related stigma remains unexplored in E

BACKGROUND: There are few reports describing the epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Somalia. Over the years 2002 to 2005, a yearly average of 140 patients were reported from the Huddur centre in Bakool region, whereas in 2006, this number rose to 1002 patients. Given the limited amount of information on VL and the opportunity to compare features with the studies done in 2000 in this pa

Systematic assessments of cognition, fatigue, and mental health in survivors ofchildhood cancer can serve two different purposes. One is to enable research about development over time and medical predictors of cognitive deficits. The other is to identify individual patients in need of rehabilitation or interventions. The overall aim of this doctoral thesis was to contribute to the ongoing developm

Among plants, gender dimorphism occurs in about 10% of all angiosperms and more than 50% of all moss taxa, with dwarf males (DM) found exclusively in some unisexual mosses. In this study, we explore the role of male dwarfism as a reproductive strategy in the widespread acrocarpous moss Dicranum scoparium, which has facultative male dwarfism, having both dwarf males (DMs) and normal-sized males (NM