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The addition of amphiphiles grafted with polyethylene glycol units to constructs of DNA-amphiphiles is of most relevance for applications demanding colloidal stability. In this work, we study the self-assembly behavior of a true ternary mixture comprising (i) an electroneutral complex of DNA and a cationic surfactant (dodecyltrimethylammonium, DTA), (ii) water, and (iii) nonionic surfactant (dodec
Humanity is facing increasingly complex sustainability challenges. It is now clear that they cannot be resolved by new technology, policy or governance approaches alone. They require a broader, cultural shift. Consequently, the role of human beings' "inner dimensions" (e.g., their mindsets, worldviews, beliefs, social values, and motivations) and their potential "inner transformation" (embodied in
Mikrober finns överallt, runt omkring oss i vår miljö och inuti våra kroppar. De som lever tillsammans med djur har mycket stor påverkan på värdens hälsa och evolutionära fitness. Från ett djurs perspektiv är vissa mikrober goda, andra onda, och vissa har ingen större påverkan på hälsan, men egentligen beror dessa egenskaper på sammanhanget, eftersom det är vanligt att mikrober byter strategi tillThe microbes living inside hosts have highly important consequences for host health and fitness. From the host’s perspective, some microbes exhibit mutualistic tendencies, others parasitic, and some commensal, but this is context-dependent and opportunistic lifestyles are widespread in nature. Our knowledge of how hosts interact molecularly with different microbes is, however, poor, and little res
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) are crucial for the serological diagnosis of RA, where Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been suggested to be an environmental agent in triggering the onset of the disease. This study aimed to analyse antibody reactivity to citrullinated EBV nuclear antigen-2 (EBNA-2) peptides from three dif
Objective: To survey potential predictors of success of mandibular advancement device (MAD) therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and in particular, to examine anatomical narrowings and sleep-related collapse levels in the upper airway. Methods: This was a prospective study of 62 OSA patients (median apnea–hypopnea index [AHI] of 34), who were treated with a custom-made, monobloc
We have devised a new efficient approach tocompute combined quantum mechanical (QM) and molecularmechanical (MM, i.e. QM/MM) ligand-binding relative freeenergies. Our method employs the reference-potentialapproach with free-energy perturbation both at the MMlevel (between the two ligands) and from MM to QM/MM(for each ligand). To ensure that converged results areobtained for the MM → QM/MM perturb
Three-dimensional surveys are required to accurately resolve structures in very complex areas. In many cases the 3-D data set is collated from a series of parallel 2-D survey lines, and frequently the distance between the lines is more than the electrode spacing along the lines. The inversion of such data sets frequently produce models with banded near-surface anomalies that are aligned parallel (
In Scandinavia, the folklore collection of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries coincided with rapid changes in political, economic, and social organization, and resulted in national collections of extraordinary scope. Although some later folklorists have expressed skepticism about the usefulness of these collections as resources for the study of folklore, ethnography and intellectual hist
Relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a significant clinical challenge due to limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are the cellular units responsible for relapse in AML, and strategies that target LSCs are thus critical. One proposed potential strategy to this end is to break the quiescent state of LSCs, thereby sensitizing LSCs to conventional cytos
Objective: Measurement of fetal scalp blood lactate is a supplementary tool to cardiotocography in the case of a non-reassuring tracing. Several hand-held lactate meters have been launched, all with differentials in absolute values. Therefore, the reference intervals must be calculated for each device. The internationally accepted reference interval is based on measurement with Lactate ProTM with
Background: Colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can cause endogenously derived infections and be a source of transmission to other people. Neither colonization time of asymptomatic MRSA colonization nor the effect of treatment aiming at MRSA eradication in children has been thoroughly investigated. Methods: Two hundred ninety-three children <18 years in the mandato
The development of photovoltaics as a serious means of producing renewable energy has accelerated greatly in the last ten years, with prices for silicon-based solar cell systems dropping dramatically in the last few years. The next great opportunity for photovoltaics following this competitiveness in prices will be to enhance the cell and panel efficiencies. It is quite generally seen that the mos
The Arctic is a popular place to do research. Many countries fund scientific research projects in the region, and international scientists are a considerable part of the Arctic population. Knowledge and expertise about the Arctic is no longer restricted to the Arctic states. Less controversial than flag planting at the North Pole and test drilling for oil, scientists and research stations are ofte
Improved industrial energy efficiency is a cornerstone in climate change mitigation. Research results suggest that there is still major untapped potential for improved industrial energy efficiency. The major model used to explain the discrepancy between optimal level of energy efficiency and the current level is the barrier model, e.g., different barriers to energy efficiency inhibit adoption of c
The limiting conditions for sustained burning of materials are studied experimentally using gas burners. Small pool fire configurations are examined to determine the mass flux for a sustained surface diffusion flame (fire point) and the subsequent extinction limit of that flame. The burner results are compared to material data for sustained ignition, and are found to be lower. Material reported v
Whilst many studies have been performed to investigate the spectral induced polarization (SIP) response of Non-aqueous Phase Liquid (NAPL) contaminated soil samples there are still many uncertainties in the interpretation of the data. A key issue is that altered pore space geometries due to the presence of a NAPL phase will change the measured IP spectra. However, without any information on the NA
In this work the impact of molecular inter-linker size on gold nanoparticle (AuNP) mono-/multilayer structural properties, density and homogeneity has been investigated. These characteristics are of great importance for functional binding of biomolecules. Positively charged high or low molecular weight inter-linkers, poly-L-lysine (PLL) or N-(6-mercapto)hexylpyridinium (MHP), were used to attach n
Prolonged hyperglycemia in poorly controlled diabetes leads to an increase in reactive glucose metabolites that covalently modify proteins by non-enzymatic glycation reactions. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the proteins that becomes glycated in hyperglycemia. The impact of glycation on apoA-I protein structure and function in lipid and glucose metabolism w
