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PURPOSE: Evaluate the effects of radiotherapy after sector resection for ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) in patient groups as defined by age, size of the lesion, focality, completeness of excision and mode of detection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 1,067 women in Sweden were randomly assigned to either postoperative radiotherapy (RT) or control from 1987 to 1999, and 1,046 were f
Välfärdsbrottslighet är ett problem som har fått mer uppmärksamhet på senare år. De felaktiga utbetalningar från välfärdssystemen uppskattas att uppgå till 11-27 miljarder kronor per år vilket motsvarar 2-4 procent av samtliga utbetalningar. En del av välfärdsbrottsligheten är bidragsbrotten. I förevarande framställning utreds två inom området viktiga lagar, Bidragsbrottslagen och Lagen om underrä
According to traditional research in subjective well-being, the more pleasant emotions we experience, the more satisfied with life we are. But according to newer research, our physical and mental health, including satisfaction with life, also depends on the emotional diversity between the positive and negative emotions we experience, and the difference between the emotions we desire and those we a
Lagen (2006:351) om genetisk integritet (LGI) reglerar försäkringsbolagens möjligheter att använda försäkringssökandes genetiska information i den individuella riskbedömningen. Enligt 2 kap. 1 § LGI har försäkringsbolagen inte rätt att använda försäkringssökandes genetiska information vid ingåendet av ett försäkringsavtal. Bestämmelsen infördes för att värna om försäkringssökandes genetiska integrThe law about Genetic Integrity (2006:351) (LGI) regulates the insurance companies’ right to use the insured party’s genetic information for individual risk assessment. According to Chapter 2 paragraph 1 LGI, the insurance companies are not allowed to use the insured party’s genetic information when entering an insurance contract. The paragraph was introduced for protection of the insured party’s
Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka effekterna och betydelsen av avtalsparters passivitet efter avtalsslutet, främst möjligheten till ändring avtalet. För att nå syftet kommer följande frågeställningar att undersökas: Under vilka förutsättningar kan passiviteten leda till ändring eller ett eventuellt avslut av avtalet? Är det utifrån lagtext, förarbeten, praxis, doktrin eller allmänna rättsprincThe purpose of the essay is to investigate the effect of contractual parties' inaction after conclusion of the agreement, mainly the possibility of amending the agreement. To achieve the purpose, the following questions will be investigated: Is it possible, based on applicable laws, case law and doctrine, to establish a general passivity rule which is based on a general principle of law? What
Det juridiska ramverket för arbetskraftsinvandring reformerades under 2008 för att möta det ökade behovet av arbetskraft från tredje land. Genom reformen förenklades processen för arbetsgivare att anställa utländsk arbetskraft utifrån den enskilde arbetsgivarens behov. Vid införandet av det nya regelverket avskaffades den tidigare arbetsmarknadsprövningen och det infördes krav på att de löne-och aIn 2008 the legal framework for labour immigration was reformed to meet the increased demand of third country workers, due to a labour shortage in Sweden. The reform simplified the recruitment of third country workers by allowing employers to conduct an assessment of their need for these workers. The introduction of the new framework included the abolishment of the former labour market examination
Genetically modified plants (GM-plants) have been controversial since they began being cultivated, especially within the European Union (EU). It is not well known how their unique properties affect both humans’ health and natural ecosystems and therefore lawmaking in EU has been very restrictive around cultivation of the plants. The AMIGA-project (Assessing and Monitoring the Impacts of Geneticall
Inom ramarna för den övergripande debatten om hållbar utveckling har det aktiebolagsrättsliga vinstsyftet kommit att ifrågasättas. Kritiker menar att det i lag presumerade vinstkravet riskerar medföra att bolag eftersätter hållbarhets-arbete till förmån för vinstmaximering. Denna risk har uppmärksammats i den engelska lagstiftningen, som i och med ikraftträdandet av Companies Act 2006 föreskriver Within the framework of the overall debate on sustainable development, the profit motive under company law has been called into question. Critics argue that the profit requirement presumed by law risks leading companies to ne-glect sustainability work in favour of profit maximisation. This risk has been recognised in English legislation, which, with the entry into force of the Com-panies Act 2006,
Background Lifecycles of electronics are decreasing, whereas companies with long life product such as the automotive and defence industry is increasing electrification in their products. Consequently, the mismatch in lifecycles between the electronics industry and Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), with long life products, requires a solid obsolescence management process, to mitigate and res
An ever-growing problem is the increasing amount of microplastics in the sea and how they affect marine organisms. Microplastics are small pieces of plastic that are between 0.1 - 500 micrometres. They are divided into primary and secondary microplastics. Primary microplastics are those plastics that are intentionally produced to be microplastics. Secondary microplastics are generated from larger
Idrottsrörelsen med fotboll i fokus har kommit att förändra sin struktur avsevärt under 1900-talet. Fotbollen har gått från att vara en ideell verksamhet med syfte att samla de lokala invånarna för att utöva sporten till en miljardindustri inom Europa. EU:s konkurrensregler har kommit att spela en viktig roll för att främja idrottens utveckling samt förhindra att marknaden snedvrids genom ekonomis
Studien ämnade att undersöka hur väl personlighet respektive könsidentifiering, var för sig respektive tillsammans, kan predicera ideologisk orientering. För att undersöka detta användes personlighetstestet HEXACO och könsidentifieringstestet BSRI. Syftet med uppsatsen var att öka väljarförståelsen. Studien utgick ifrån ett bekvämlighetsurval (N=272), med 171 kvinnor och 101 män. Samtliga var svenThis aim of this thesis was to examine how well personality and gender-identification, by themselves and combined, were able to predict ideological orientation. This through the personality test HEXACO and gender-identification test BSRI. The purpose of the study was to help improve the understanding of Swedish voters. The sample was a convenience sample (N=272), with 171 women and 101 men, all Sw
This study is written in collaboration with the Swedish Police in Landskrona. The study aimed to identify reported assaults in public places in Landskrona during the period of 2016-2019. The study consists of statistical data analysis of secondary data and was carried out using the statistical program SPSS. The empirical data consisted of register data from the Police's internal reporting syst
With population that exceeds 90 million inhabitants, Egypt is one of the large Arab developing countries where the government policies headed towards constructing new urban communities to absorb the vast increase in population. Although the physical planning of the new urban settlements took into consideration the existence of outdoor recreational services and facilities, the quality and adequacy
Connexins are proteins that make up the gap junctions that directly link the intracellular spaces of neighboring cells. Each gap junction is formed by the joining up or docking of two hemichannels in the cell membranes. It has been proposed that the gap junctions themselves or opening of hemichannels to the extracellular space may allow the spread of cytotoxic signals after injury, leading to prog
In a recent phylogenetic analysis of the family Teloschistaceae based on three molecular markers, 31 genera were newly described or resurrected. One of these genera was Parvoplaca, currently including four species in which anthraquinones may be present or absent in the apothecia. We have re-analyzed the genus and propose one new species, P. nigroblastidiata Arup, Halc & Vondrak, and one new co
Protein S deficiency is a dominantly inherited disorder that results from mutations in the PROS] gene. Previous sequencing of the gene failed to detect mutations in eight out of 18 investigated Swedish families, whereas segregation analyses detected large deletions in three out of the eight families. The present study investigates more thoroughly for the presence of deletions but also for other ty
We investigated the formation of an abstract concept of same/different in a harbor seal by means of a two-item same/different task. Stimuli were presented on a TFT monitor. The subject was trained to respond according to whether two horizontally aligned white shapes presented on a black background were the same, or different from each other, by giving a no-go or go response. Training comprised of
