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This paper analyses the nature and scale of transaction costs (TCs) borne by obliged parties under a "Tradable White Certificate" (TWC) scheme. Taking the first phase of the Energy Efficiency Commitment (EECl) in Great Britain as a case study, several sources of TCs were considered, such as search for information, persuasion of customers, negotiation with business partners, and measurement and ver

This report describes the results obtained from fire tests in a 1/3-scale room. The aim of the study was to investigate how changes in external radiation and oxygen supply affect the production of smoke and toxic gases. The ventilation was varied to simulate under- and well-ventilated fires. The thermal exposure to the materials was varied to simulate fires of different sizes. Fifty-nine tests wer

Stress management was studied in male patients with solvent-induced chronic toxic encephalopathy (TE) of types 2A (TE 2A, n = 31) and 2B (TE 2B, n = 26). The patients were compared with a healthy reference group (n = 57). Self-reported symptoms (90-item Symptoms Checklist [SCL-90]), sense of coherence, coping strategies, and level of mastery were measured. As expected, both TE groups reported high

BACKGROUND: Indications for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation have expanded considerably in recent years, resulting in steadily growing numbers of ICD recipients worldwide. The aim of this study was to review the overall experience with ICDs in Iceland. METHODS: This was a retrospective single centre study set at the University Hospital in Iceland. Data on all ICD implantat

Different studies on the stability of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in frozen serum or plasma have yielded conflicting results, namely increase, decrease, or no change at all during prolonged storage under freezing conditions. As part of a major trial on lipid-lowering strategies we statistically demonstrated a time-related decrease in HDL cholesterol during storage up to 46 months at

The differential absorption structure of the ozone spectrum between 250 and 330 nm has been investigated in order to determine the optimal wavelength region to be utilized for active differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements. Considering aspects of atmospheric attenuation and interference from other species as well as the magnitude of the differential absorption cross sectio

Ensamrätten till ett varumärke är en dynamisk rätt, där skyddsomfånget förändras över tid. Skyddsomfånget avgörs utefter graden av särskiljningsförmåga, vilket innebär ett varumärkes förmåga att särskilja varumärkesinnehavarens varor eller tjänster från andra näringsidkares varor eller tjänster. Vid varumärkesregistrering är särskiljningsförmåga ett absolut krav. Är fallet så att ett varumärke hel

Den Europeiska Unionen utgör ett överstatligt samarbete mellan medlemsstaterna och dess viktigaste mål är en konkurrenskraftig inre marknad. Konkurrensrätten utgör ett vitalt verktyg för EU:s upprätthållande av konkurrensen på marknaden och genomdrivs huvudsakligen av Kommissionen. Privata sanktionsmedel, särskilt konkurrensskadetalan, har emellertid fått ökad betydelse. Denna utveckling har resulThe European Union is a supranational cooperation between its Member States, and its main objective is a highly competitive internal market. Competition law is a vital tool in the protection of competition on the market. It is mainly enforced by the Commission. However, private enforcement through competition damages actions, has become increasingly important. This development has resulted in a Di

In this thesis, five methods of scoring the similarity of phrases from dickcissel birds are explored. The methods are tested on real and simulated data. The method that is found to perform the best is a variation of the spectrographic cross-correlation method that also looks at correlation in the frequency domain. The second best method is based on singular value decomposition of the spectrogram o

There has been a decrease in sea ice extent and volume in the polar regions during the past decades; this study focuses on the Northern Hemisphere. The variability of the sea ice extent along the east coast of Greenland is examined and the area is divided into three regional zones to be able to study variations in the correlation strength along the coast. The ice extent along the east coast is ach

The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about leadership style and its relation to coworker's wellbeing. Of special interest was to find the best predictor variable of wellbeing. A further aim was to study differences between males and females in organizational commitment and wellbeing. A questionnaire was distributed to 100 employees in Telia, a Swedish telecom company. 62 questionnaires

Jag har i detta arbete tagit fram en metod för att mäta mängden fett i muskelceller som vare sig kräver vävnadsprover eller nålstick. Metoden ger också en bild av fettfördelningen i vävnaden. Detta kan vara mycket användbart vid utveckling av läkemedel, men också vid diabetes- och fetmaforskning. Muskelceller innehåller ett bränsleförråd i form av en droppe fett. För diabetespatienter och som en b"Introduction Cardiac steatosis, or overstorage of fat in the cardiac muscle cells, is a possible side effect from drugs treating diabetes mellitus. Therefore, a non-invasive means of fat quantification is needed during drug development. The aim of this master thesis is to develop a method to quantify the fraction intra-myocellular fat in the cardiac muscle of rats using magnetic resonance im

In the design of a building there are many parameters that effect the material efficiency. The choice of structural solution and material are two of the parameters that will be investigated further in this rapport. Suspension structures is one type of structural solution that has high material efficiency, here the bending stiff properties of timber could also be utilized in order to increase the s

This thesis describes the preparation of the previously unknown Tröger´s base mono- and bislactams from Tröger´s base and the transformation via olefination, stereoselective hydrogenation and reduction yielding Tröger´s base derivatives which features functional groups pointing into the interior of its cavity. The target molecules are two new chiral molecular cleft molecules which may be useful i