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Ribonucleotide reduction is the only pathway for de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides in extant organisms. This chemically demanding reaction, which proceeds via a carbon-centered free radical, is catalyzed by ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). The mechanism has been deemed unlikely to be catalyzed by a ribozyme, creating an enigma regarding how the building blocks for DNA were synthesized at th

During recent years the increasing power of computers has led to the use of more sophisticated analysis tools within the mechanical engineering design process, or design process for short. Projects whose objective has been to introduce the Finite Element (FE) analysis into the early phases of the design process have been carried out at the Department of Machine Design, see e.g. [1]. These works cl

The present paper reports on the implementation and test of an audio haptic gaming environment. This environment was designed with an ears-in-hand interaction technique allowing turning of the ears in combination with an avatar separate from the haptic interaction point. The purpose of this design was to investigate how the additional rotational degrees of freedom influenced the interaction. The r

Rätten till abort är idag ett aktuellt ämne som är föremål för mycket debatt runt om i världen. I Sverige har vi idag fri aborträtt, förutsatt att graviditeten inte är för långt gången, men så har det inte alltid varit. Den här uppsatsen undersöker den svenska abortlagstiftningen ur ett rättsutvecklingsperspektiv med utgångspunkt i lagförarbeten och lagtext. Fokus för uppsatsen ligger på hur abort

Introduktion: Kvinnliga piloter är en minoritet inom trafikflyget. Kvinnliga chefer är också ovanligt. Forskning visar också att kvinnliga piloter utsätts för diskriminering. Syfte: Denna studie har som syfte att uppmärksamma hur kvinnliga kommersiella piloter ser på sin karriär inom en bransch där de tydligt är en minoritet Metod: Studien utfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer. Resultat: KaptensgrIntroduction: Female pilots are a minority in commercial aviation. Female managers in aviation are also rare. Research has shown that female pilots are a subject to discrimination. Objective: The objective of this study is how female commercial pilots view on their career in a business where they are a minority. Method: The study was conducted through qualitative interviews. Results: To become a c

The World Trade Organization’s Dispute Settlement Mechanism is exclusively focused on trade; however, there is a potential for it to be utilized to address environmental problems that are also trade distorting. One area where trade and environmental concerns overlap is fossil fuel subsidies. Fossil fuel subsidies support an incumbent energy regime against new renewable alternatives but also benefi

The Tree Theme Method (TTM) is an intervention in which the client paints trees representing certain periods in his/her life. The intervention comprises five sessions, using trees as a starting point to tell one's life story. This study, which is part of an implementation project, aimed to examine the therapeutic alliance and client satisfaction, in relation to perceptions of everyday occupations

Popular Abstract in Swedish POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA Graviditetsdiabetes (GDM) definieras som ett diabetestillstånd som upptäcks under graviditet. Ofta orsakas detta tillstånd av de hormonförändringar som uppträder under graviditet vilka medför en ökad insulinresistens, dvs. ett ökat motstånd mot insulinets effekter. Diagnosen GDM utesluter dock inte diabetes av annan orsak soThe aims of this work were to determine the prevalence of postpartum diabetes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a prospective study 5 years postpartum; to characterize these women according to insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity, autoimmunity and genetics; and to identify possible markers and predictors for the development of manifest diabetes. The subjects were recruited

We study the impact of interface roughness on the operation of mid-IR and THz quantum cascade lasers. Particular emphasis is given towards the differences between the Gaussian and exponential roughness distribution functions, for which we present results from simulation packages based on nonequilibrium Green's functions and density matrices. The Gaussian distribution suppresses scattering at high

Utbrottet av den globala pandemin våren 2020, inneburit omvälvande förändringar för i stort sett alla människor och verksamheter. Privilegier som fri rörlighet och mötesfrihet har sedan utbrottet bytts ut mot strikta restriktioner i de flesta länder vilket drivit många branscher in i krisläge och därmed förändringsarbete. Fastighetsbranschen är inget undantag. Sedan folkhälsomyndigheten rekommenSince the outbreak of the pandemic early 2020, the world has experienced disruptive change in many of its foundations. Privileges as free movement, the freedom of assembly and simply being able to go to the movies have been replaced by strict local and national policies, limiting humans and companies. The Covid-19 agenda has forced a lot of businesses into crisis mode with transformation as a cons

The construction and industrial sector are one of the most climate-affecting industries, regarding greenhouse gas emissions. In 2018 this sector contributed to more than a fifth of the total greenhouse gas emissions in Sweden. The same sector generates approximately one third of the total amount of waste. The government aimed to recycle or reuse 70 percent of non-hazardous materials by 2020. In re

K-pop is one of South Korea’s most famous cultural phenomena, and this thesis will delve into its impact outside of Korea‘s borders. The paper briefly discusses the background of the Korean Wave, and then dives right into the cultural form of K-pop and its connection with cultural diplomacy and soft power. The main focus of the thesis is to discuss the foreign perceptions of K-pop and that is done

BackgroundThe aim of this analysis is to determine geo–economic variations in epidemiology, ventilator settings and outcome in patients receiving general anesthesia for surgery.MethodsPosthoc analysis of a worldwide study in 29 countries. Lower and upper middle–income countries (LMIC and UMIC), and high–income countries (HIC) were compared. The coprimary endpoint was the risk for and incidence of

Hard-to-heal wounds are a growing human and financial concern, constituting approximately 1–3% of the healthcare budget. Wound care is not a medical specialty and is often not prioritized within healthcare. A large portion of the cost and suffering caused by wounds has the potential to be mediated through improved knowledge and effectivised workflows. One potential way to achieve this is through t

Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur personer som har barn tillsammans med en person med psykisk ohälsa upplever att deras livssituation som anhörig påverkar den egna föräldrarollen, samt att kartlägga behovet av stöd i rollerna som anhörig respektive förälder. Till datainsamling användes halvstrukturerade djupintervjuer med sex kvinnliga deltagare som har barn med en person med bipolär sjukdom. IThe aim of this study was to describe the experiences of parents who share their parenthood with a person suffering from mental illness, and to reveal the self-reported needs of these parents in relation to their specific life situation. The study is based upon a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. Six female participants who share parenthood with a person with bipolar disorder were interviewed

We describe the qualitative dynamics and bifurcation set for a laser with injected signal for small cavity detunings. The main organizing center is the Hopf-saddle-node bifurcation from where a secondary Hopf bifurcation of a periodic orbit originates. We show that the laser's stable cw solution existing for low injections, also suffers a secondary Hopf bifurcation. The resonance structure of both

It is well known that Catholic nuns and sisters played an important role in modern society, and that they in many ways paved the way for the entrance of women into professional life within the social sector. Modern research has also pointed out their social achievements as missionaries in the third word. But it is less known that female Catholic congregations also led school, hospitals and other s

The thesis Med Lenin på byrån (With Lenin on the drawer) studies magazines produced by the Swedish communist movement during the inter-war years and has two aims; firstly to determine if (and how) class-norms were constructed through descriptions of gender and sexuality, and secondly if (and how) norms regarding gender and sexuality were constructed through descriptions of class. One of the underl