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Introduces an integrated automated outline handling system and compares the relative performance of shape descriptor systems based on 1) landmark and perimeter measurements, 2) chain codes, 3) elliptic Fourier coefficients, and 4) moment invariants. These methods were assessed by their ability to characterize the pattern of variation in a set of Betula leaf silhouettes with a hierarchical sample s
BackgroundPopulations of long-distance migratory birds experience different environments and are consequently exposed to different parasites throughout their annual cycles. Though, specific whereabouts and accompanied host-parasite interactions remain unknown for most migratory passerines. Collared sand martins (Riparia riparia) breeding in the western Palaearctic spend the nonbreeding period in A
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) of the first carpometacarpal (CMC-1) joint is a common hand disorder with symptoms including pain and weakness of the thumb. Previous studies have associated high BMI with OA of weight-bearing joints, whereas studies regarding non-weight-bearing joints have shown conflicting results. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the influence of overweight and obe
Measurements of atmospheric composition have been made over a remote rainforest landscape. A box model has previously been demonstrated to model the observed daytime chemistry well. However the box model is unable to explain the nocturnal measurements of relatively high [NO] and [O3], but relatively low observed [NO2]. It is shown that a one-dimensional (1-D) column model with simple O3-NOx chemis
The combined contribution to highway safety of pavement surface and geometric design indicators is not well investigated due to the complexity of data collection and high time variability of pavement surface conditions. Introduction of high efficiency equipment for comprehensive road surveys is mitigating this issue, expanding possibilities of data integration. In this framework, the present study
Zone plates are diffractive optics commonly used in X-ray microscopes. Here, we present a wet-chemical approach for fabricating high aspect ratio Pd/Si zone plate optics aimed at the hard X-ray regime. A Si zone plate mold is fabricated via metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) and further metalized with Pd via electroless deposition (ELD). MACE results in vertical Si zones with high aspect ratio
Integrated product development is a set of complex activities and its level of difficulty is additionally increased by the ever-changing business environment, primarily by functional associating of geographically dispersed human resources. The key resources for development are product developers, but it is questionable whether the existing systems are appropriate for the education of such professi
ntegrated product development is a set of complex activities and its level of difficulty is additionally increased by the ever-changing business environment, primarily by functional associating of geographically dispersed human resources. The key resources for development are product developers, but it is questionable whether the existing systems are appropriate for the education of such professio
When on September 15, 2008 the financial conglomerate Lehman Brothers files for bankruptcy – and with that ‘officially’ sparks off the international financial crisis – few would have anticipated the invasive effect this crisis would come to have on the professional and personal lives of many across the world. Today, this implosion remains a mere ‘blip’ in the universe of events that ensued. On c
BACKGROUND: Many clinical trials have evaluated the benefit of long-term use of antiplatelet drugs in reducing the risk of clinical thrombotic events. Aspirin and ticlopidine have been shown to be effective, but both have potentially serious adverse effects. Clopidogrel, a new thienopyridine derivative similar to ticlopidine, is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate
Purpose: Effective engineering asset management is essential in delivering public services safely whilst avoiding breakdowns and accidents. To ensure asset safety and sustainability, public sector firms have to adopt new processes and practices. It is the role of supervisors to implement the changes, and as part of the New Public Management (NPM) public sector reforms, public sector asset managers
Among hereditary colorectal cancer predisposing syndromes, Lynch syndrome (LS) caused by mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2 is the most common. Patients with LS have an increased risk of early onset colon and endometrial cancer, but also other tumors that generally have an earlier onset compared to the general population. However, age at first primary cancer varies wit
For multiple antennas on a compact terminal chassis, chassis current excitation can severely increase mutual coupling between the antennas. This is because the same characteristic mode of the chassis may be strongly excited by more than one antenna. Here, we propose to use one antenna that exploits chassis excitation and introduce a second antenna that minimizes chassis excitation. In this way, an
The relative importance of extracellular and intracellular calcium sources mediating smooth muscle contraction in ovarian follicle and ovarian artery was assessed in experiments on the influence of nifedipine, D-600, amrinone, diethylstilbestrol (DES), lanthanum and/or calcium removal on contractions induced by K+ depolarization, by noradrenaline, histamine and acetylcholine. The K+-induced respon
BACKGROUND: Surgery for total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) is designed to preserve continence and achieve satisfactory quality of life. This study evaluated a comprehensive group of clinical and social outcomes.METHODS: An international multicentre study from eight Nordic hospitals involving examination of case records and a patient-reported questionnaire survey of all patients born with TCA betwee
Aim: Head injury is the most common trauma occurring in syncope. We aimed to assess whether syncope as cause of head-trauma affects short-and long-term prognosis. Methods: From a database retrospective analysis of 97,014 individuals attending Emergency Department (ED), we selected data of patients with traumatic head injury including age, gender, injury mechanism, brain imaging, multiple traumas,
Ultrafiltration and nanofiltration have become common methods to treat surface water for drinking water purposes. Common aims of a membrane step are removal of natural organic matter (NOM), softening or adding an extra microbiological or chemical barrier. In most cases, the membrane is considered a good disinfection step; commonly the viral removal is at least 4–log. To ensure a working disinfecti
Release properties of intrahippocampal transplants of noradrenergic neurons were monitored by microdialysis in awake and halothane-anaesthetized rats. Fetal locus coeruleus neurons were implanted as a cell suspension into hippocampi deprived of their innate noradrenalin (NA) innervation by intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. Dialysis probes of the loop type were implanted into the dorsal
