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The paper presents the theories of Peter Singer and Tom Regan concerning the moral status of animals and why both deem animals to have a moral standing similar to humans. The two theories differ in their approaches to justifying the moral standing of animals and humans but have very similar conclusions. The paper then goes on to show how both theories have potential problems in justifying that the

The Icelandic highlands are one of the few places left in Europe where tourists can experience pristine wilderness. During the past decades the highlands have, however, witnessed a rapid expansion in natural resource exploitation. This study attempts to evaluate the pristine condition of Icelandic wilderness by testing different methods of identifying and analysing wilderness with respect to natur

Introduction: This work aims to evaluate the possibility to transfer electrical power from a metal plate to the steel-cord within a car tire. If the tire stands on the plate, a connecting surface occurs which can be interpreted as a capacitor, where the rubber compound acts as a dielectric. Method: First the impedance of the tire is evaluated: An analytical model is set-up to describe the system;

Turkish President Erdogan is a faithful Muslim and strongly objects to getting/paying interest. To reduce the (high) inflation rate, he declared in a speech at Parliament: “As long as I am in office, I will fight interest. The NAS is there.” The primary purpose of this chapter is to shed light on the nature of this concept and to find out whether there is indeed a NAS with the specific aim of curb

Temperature sums are widely used to predict the seasonal timing of yearly recurring biological events, such as flowering, budburst, and hatching. We use a classic energy allocation model for annual plants to compare a strategy for reproductive timing that follows a temperature sum rule (TSR) with a strategy that follows an optimal control rule (OCR) maximizing reproductive output. We show that the

The addition of polyelectrolytes (PEs) to suspensions of charged colloids, such as nanoplatelets (NPs), is of great interest due to their specific feature of being either a stabilizing or a destabilizing agent. Here, the complexation between a PE and oppositely charged NPs is studied utilizing coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations based on the continuum model. The complex formation is eval

Aims: To assess the agreement between the Ross treadmill method and the Åstrand ergometer cycle method, and the repeatability of each method. Methodology: Twenty healthy people aged 22.5 ± 2.2 years were tested on two different days, each day with both methods with a pause of 30 min between the tests. The tests were executed in the reverse order the following test day. Major findings: There was no

Daniel Cunha misreads us as suggesting that climate change has been a conscious and deliberate strategy of a global elite. This was very clearly not our suggestion. He proposes that the Marxian concept of fetishism is applicable to anthropogenic climate change, apparently unaware of our recurrent use of precisely this concept in a number of publications over the past decades. We thus fundamentally

Every child with severe or moderate haemophilia A or B, born in Sweden during the period 1970-1990, was traced in the national haemophilia register, all 117 case records being surveyed for mode of delivery and perinatal complications. Of the 117 deliveries. 13 were by caesarean section and the remaining 104 vaginal. Of the 13 caesarean sections, 2 were performed because the woman was a haemophilia

Dyslexia is a learning disability characterised by problems with accurate or fluent word recognition, poor decoding, and poor spelling abilities. Although several studies have addressed dyslexia and Web accessibility, less is known about how dyslexia affects information search. This study investigated whether the inclusion of icons in search user interfaces enhances performance among dyslexics. A

Lactoferrin plays an important role in the defense against infections, including herpes simplex virus (HSV) keratitis. We studied the impact of three single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human lactoferrin gene on the susceptibility to HSV infections of the eye and the severity of such infections. Lactoferrin gene polymorphisms were determined by PCR combined with restriction fragment length anal

Cathelicidins are a family of antibacterial and lipopolysaccharide-binding proteins. hCAP-18, the only human cathelicidin, is a major protein of the specific granules of human neutrophils. The plasma level of hCAP-18 is >20-fold higher than that of other specific granule proteins relative to their levels within circulating neutrophils. The aim of this study was to elucidate the background for this

The subcellular distribution of PKC(α) and PKC(γ) was studied in homogenates of cerebral cortex from rats subjected to 10 and 15 min of ischemia and 15 min of ischemia followed by 1 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days of reperfusion. During ischemia no significant changes in the levels of PKC (α) were seen. During the first hour of reperfusion, a transient 2.5-fold (P < 0.05) increase in PKC(α) levels

Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed during growth by the respiratory pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae. Vesicles trigger release of antimicrobial compounds and proteins of the complement, which are partly regulated by vitronectin. We hypothesized that vitronectin is elevated in the lungs during pneumonia, that respiratory epithelial cells produce vitronectin u

Cholesterol-rich clusters of SNARE (soluble NSF attachment protein receptor) proteins have been implicated as being important for exocytosis. Here we demonstrate the significance of cholesterol for normal biphasic insulin secretion in mouse beta cells by removal of cholesterol from the plasma membrane using methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MBCD). Maximal inhibition of insulin secretion in static incubati