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Lymphocytes from human peripheral blood have been separated by countercurrent distribution in a charged aqueous two-phase system composed of Dextran T 500 and polyethylene glycol 6000 with a cell yield of 59–88% and viability above 90%. A highly reproducible partition pattern was seen with four distinct peaks. Lymphocytes with surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg) were located in the first part o
Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane channel proteins that transport water and uncharged solutes across different membranes in organisms in all kingdoms of life. In plants, the AQPs can be divided into seven different subfamilies and five of these are present in higher plants. The most recently characterized of these subfamilies is the XIP subfamily, which is found in most dicots but not in monocots. In
Julian D. Mortenson has written an article for the most recent issue of the American Journal of International Law which he has furnished with the title "The Travaux of Travaux: Is the Vienna Convention Hostile to Drafting History?" The article suggests a reading of Articles 31 and 32 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties that is radically different from the one generally assumed. As
This article provides a comprehensive critique of current corporate foreign exchange risk management (FXRM) practices. The authors characterize much of FXRM as a “legacy” activity, a set of outdated, often decentralized and “earnings-driven” methods and procedures that have not been subjected to rigorous cost-benefit analysis at the enterprise level. And according to the authors, the costs of poor
Hemoglobin (Hb) is well protected inside the red blood cells (RBCs). Upon hemolysis and when free in circulation, Hb can be involved in a range of radical generating reactions and may thereby attack several different biomolecules. In this study, we have examined the potential damaging effects of cell-free Hb on plasmid DNA (pDNA). Hb induced cleavage of supercoiled pDNA (sc pDNA) which was proport
Successful projects require two key elements to be set: the time frame for the project and the scope of the project. Accurately deciding these two attributes greatly increases the probability of success. If, for example we would like to build a house, we should start building it in spring so that we can lie the foundations of the house on a non-frozen ground. Moreover, we know that we should be re
This paper investigates the challenges of gender mainstreaming in Swedish municipalities, with a focus on the initial implementation. Since the mid-1990s, gender mainstreaming has been the prevailing strategy within Swedish authorities and public administration to increase gender equality in society. In simple terms, this means that a gender equality perspective must be integrated into all decisioThis paper investigates the challenges of gender mainstreaming in Swedish municipalities, with a focus on the initial implementation. Since the mid-1990s, gender mainstreaming has been the prevailing strategy within Swedish authorities and public administration to increase gender equality in society. In simple terms, this means that a gender equality perspective must be integrated into all decisio
The Group A streptococcus (GAS) (Streptococcus pyogenes) is a significant human pathogen known for causing a diverse range of diseases, spanning from mild diseases such as pharyngitis to life-threatening diseases such as necrotizing fasciitis. Its virulence comes from a plethora of immune evasion mechanisms, but the M protein with its hypervariable region and ability to bind human proteins, stands
A one-step HPLC method was developed for the purification of protein G, a cell wall molecule from group C and G streptococci with immunoglobulin G- and albumin-binding properties. Lysed Escherichia coli bacteria infected with lambda-phages containing the protein G gene from group G streptococci were used as a starting material for the preparations. The lysate was applied to a column with immobiliz
Glycoprotein B (gB, gpUL55) is a major antigen for the induction of neutralizing antibodies against human cytomegalovirus, making it an attractive antigen for active and passive immunoprophylaxis. The immunodominant region on gB is the antigenic domain 1 (AD-1), a complex structure which requires a minimal linear amino acid sequence of more than 75 amino acids (aa 552-635) for antibody binding. We
In this paper, the authors report the use of liquid-liquid partition chromatography (LLPC) in an aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG)/dextran two-phase system to compare the surface properties (partition properties) of human antibodies and fragments thereof. The surface properties of all the monoclonal antibodies of different classes and subclasses investigated were within the same broad range as tha
