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Rätten att få använda straffprocessuella tvångsmedel är viktig och nödvändig för de brottsutredande myndigheterna för att uppnå så effektiv brottsbekämpning som möjligt. Exempel på typiska straffprocessuella tvångsmedel är häktning, anhållande samt husrannsakan, alla innebär en integritetskränkning för den som utsätts för de. När det gäller hemliga tvångsmedel är de att anse som mer integritetskräThe right to use pre-trial coercive measures is important and necessary for the investigating authorities in the objective of achieving the most effective law enforcement possible. Examples of typical criminal coercive measures are detention, arrest and raids, all of which violate the privacy of the victim. Examples of secret coercive measures are secret telemonitoring and secret telephone tapping

Life at a music festival can be both a blessing and a curse. It creates a feeling of escaping reality into euphoric happiness and freedom that only music festivals can bring. But one thing can drastically change this mood and make the living at the festival quite miserable – the weather. Rain as well as too high or low temperatures contribute to this negative change of mood. The festival chosen fo

Det pågår just nu en omställning från fossila till förnyelsebara energiresurser. Exempel på förnyelsebara resurser är sol-, vind- och vattenkraft. Problemet är att energiproduktionen är beroende av att solen skiner, vinden blåser eller att vattnet flödar. Lösningen kan vara att lagra energin i smältsalter. I det här projektet utvecklades metoder för att internt kunna studera smältsaltskorrosion avMolten salt applications are challenging from a material perspective. This degree project was carried out at Alfa Laval to give them a better understanding of the corrosion of solar salt on the standard heat exchanger material stainless steel 321. Similar tests have previously been performed externally. By developing test methods for in-house corrosion testing time and money can be saved. In thi

Högre verkningsgrader, stabilitet och minskad toxicitet; så skall framtidens solceller nå verkligheten. Många hoppas att solenergi ska ta över våra energibehov och varje dag närmar vi oss en grönare utvinning av elektricitet. Kommer våra bilar och byggnader täckas av solceller i framtiden? Inte helt omöjligt, om vi kan bemästra det fascinerande materialet perovskit. På EPFL, Ecóle Polytechnique FPerovskite research has quickly gone from non-existent to one of the biggest reseach areas in Photo- voltaics. There are still many questions to be solved regarding the stability, environmental impact, reproducible large area devices, efficiency and module fabrication cost of Perovskite Solar Cells, PSCs, before commercial up-scaling. Scientists all over the world are working towards solutions and

Sweden’s substantial building stock from the million programs is in need of renovations. These residential buildings were built without major attention to energy demand or architectural aesthetics. Until now, property owners have hesitated to carry out energy renovations due to the investment cost. The aim of this master thesis was to propose an energy-efficient renovation procedure whilst takin

In 1968 the alternative artist Sture Johannesson was assigned the task of creating a poster for Underground, an exhibition that took place at Lunds Konsthall. The poster named Revolution means revolutionary consciousness! recieved tremendous attention due to its all too clear subversive messages. It seemed as if Johannesson was promoting a psychedelic, sexual and marxist revolution. The official d

I det blomstrande forskningsfältet om planeter och exoplaneter, det vill säga planeter utanför vårat eget Solsystem hittar vi konstant nya planeter och system som alla ger oss pusselbitar till att förstå hur planeter formas och utvecklas. Så för att förstå de observationer vi gör och bedöma hur sannolikt det är att det kan finnas liv på en planet, måste vi förstå alla olika typer av system och hurIn the thriving field of exoplanet research new discoveries are made all the time, and while most of the observed systems can be explained with classical planet formation models - some are much harder to explain. When stars form they are often surrounded by the remaining material of the nebulae they formed from. Some of this remaining material forms into a protoplanetary disk around the protostars

The Swedish Antarctic Research Expedition named “SWEDARP” was performed during October 1988 through April 1989. The aim of our project was to study the radioactivity in air and water from Gothenburg to the Antarctic. Between Gothenburg and the Equator, the average activity concentration of 7Be in air was 4.3 ± 0.7 mBq/m3. The activity concentration of 7Be in the South Atlantic down to Antarctica v

Popular Abstract in Swedish Introduktion: Validitet handlar enkelt uttryckt om överensstämmelse med sanningen eller exempelvis om ett instrument mäter det som är avsett. Validitet kan också ses som ett mer komplext begrepp, innefattande aspekter som nytta, relevans, värderingar och sociala konsekvenser. Validitet förutsätter reliabilitet som är ett mått på tillförlitlighet, noggrannhet eller reproAbstract Introduction: Validity is important at different levels in psychiatry. Valid structured instruments are important aids in screening and diagnostics, in both research and clinical practice. An aim of the diagnostic procedure is to yield valid diagnoses. Ultimately, the validity of structured instruments (non-empirical) and clinical diagnoses depends on the validity of the diagnostic class

Sammanfattning Det immaterialrättsliga ersättningssystemet är förmodligen mer aktuellt än någonsin. Ett ökat internationellt fokus och de förändringar som bland annat IPRED-direktivet medfört är en del i detta. Dessutom har den tekniska utvecklingen under en period varit stor, sammantaget innebär detta att frågan om ersättning för immaterialrättsintrång är mycket angelägen. Immateriella rättighetSummary The sanctioning of infringements into intellectual properties is a question of severe relevance. Technical development, globalization and legal standpoints such as the Intellectual Property Rights Enforcement Directive has made the topic of this paper a much debated one. The value of intellectual properties can be immense. In fact there are quite a few cases where the most valued assets

Penningtvätt har länge varit ett uppmärksammat problem, men inte förrän på senare år, särskilt efter den 11 september 2001 och terroristattackerna i USA har stora krafttag gjort att bekämpningen av problemet kommit igång. Bekämpningen och förhindrandet av penningtvätt och finansiering av terrorism är även viktigt utifrån ett större perspektiv. Om man kan strypa finanserna för kriminell verksamhet,Money laundering has for a long time been an acknowledged problem, now more than ever. Especially after 9/11 2001 and the terrorist attacks in the USA, joint efforts have made combating the problem a serious matter. Combating and prevention of money laundering and terrorism financing is also important from a larger perspective. If you can close off finances of criminal activity, you are one step c

Det straffrättsliga systemet präglas idag av en nyklassisk kriminalpolitik vilken betonar handlingen, handlingens konsekvenser, skulden och brottets svårhet. Dessa faktorer bestämmer straffvärdet vilket medför att de straffrättsliga principerna om bl.a. proportionalitet, förutsebarhet och konsekvens upprätthålls. Straffvärdet som sådant utgör nämligen grunden för påföljdsvalet. Men det finns ytterThe criminal justice system currently emphasizes the action, the consequences of the action, the liability and the gravity of the offense. These factors determine the penalty value, which means that the criminal justice principles such as proportionality, predictability and consistency is maintained. The penalty value as such constitutes the basis when deciding on a suitable penalty. But there are

This thesis examines the independence of the UN treaty bodies, both in its entirety and the autonomy of the individual treaty body members. Since independence is very difficult to measure empirically, this paper uses the theoretical framework of Principal-Trustee theory as a tool by which the independence can be understood. This instrument allows us to examine the independence of the treaty body s

Den svenska regeringen stadgade i juli 2010 en lag angående möjligheten för ett moderbolag att dra av en slutlig förlust hos ett utländskt dotterbolag från moderbolagets beskattningsbara vinst. Detta lagförslag är ett resultat av Regeringsrättens domar från 2009, som i sin tur tolkar den europeiska domstolens domar, närmare bestämt Marks & Spencer och Oy AA. Lagförslaget stämmer, enligt min meThe Swedish government has in July 2010 incorporated a legislation regarding the possibility to deduct a loss incurred by a non-resident subsidiary, from the parent company’s taxable income. This Law is based on the Swedish administrative court’s interpretation of the European Union Court’s judgement of the Marks & Spencer case and the Oy AA case. The law is in my opinion not completely compat

This thesis comprises three self-contained chapters that explore how individual behavior, incentives, and institutional frameworks shape the allocation of scarce resources, with particular emphasis on healthcare markets. The first chapter examines the impact of intrinsic truth-telling preferences on consumer welfare within a priority pricing mechanism, in which individuals can gain faster access t

One of the basic principles of Swedish law is that everyone is entitled to have his/her claims determined by a court and that the judgment should be given after a hearing. The main rule is that the plaintiff can claim whatever he/she wants, even if it seems absurd. This is a right also given by the European Convention of the human rights article 6:1, which says that everyone is entitled to a publi

Våldtäkt är ett ord som väcker många känslor och associationer hos människor i dagens samhälle. Alla har på något sätt kommit i kontakt med det, även om han eller hon inte själv varit drabbad eller känner någon som har. Med jämna mellanrum är våldtäkt och sexuella övergrepp i stort ett stort och hett ämne i media. Tyvärr speglar inte alltid deras bild av hur det ser ut, den som finns i verkligheteRape is a word that arouses many feelings and associations of people in today's society. All have somehow come into contact with it, even if he or she has not personally been affected or knows someone who has. Periodically, the rape and sexual abuse in general is a great and hot topic in the media. I do not always reflect their view of how it looks in the real world. It's easy to think and

On 25 May 1993, the United Nation Security Council took the extraordinary and unprecedented step to establish the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) as means for restoration and maintenance of international peace and security. This was a major event for the all those who are concerned about serious breaches of international humanitarian law and the introduction of law

Purpose: Many centers aim to plan liver transarterial radioembolization (TARE) with dosimetry, even without CT-based attenuation correction (AC), or with unoptimized scatter correction (SC) methods. This work investigates the impact of presence vs absence of such corrections, and limited spatial resolution, on 3D dosimetry for TARE. Methods: Three voxelized phantoms were derived from CT images of

In insects airborne odors are detected by the odorant receptors (ORs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs), located on the dendritic membrane of the olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) housed in olfactory sensilla. The OR and IR gene families show high plasticity in lineage expansion and contraction following the birth-and-death evolutionary model. Gene duplication is an important mechanism underlying the