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Fine-tuning of insulin release from pancreatic β-cells is essential to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. Here, we report that insulin secretion is regulated by a circular RNA containing the lariat sequence of the second intron of the insulin gene. Silencing of this intronic circular RNA in pancreatic islets leads to a decrease in the expression of key components of the secretory machinery of β-c
While human enteroviruses are generally regarded as a lytic virus, and persistent non-cytolytic enterovirus infection in pancreatic beta cells has been suspected of playing a role in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. However, it is still unclear how enteroviruses could exit the pancreatic beta cell in a non-lytic manner. This study aimed to investigate the role of beta cell-derived extracellular vesic
Critical infrastructure systems must be both robust and resilient in order to ensure the functioning of society. To improve the performance of such systems, we often use risk and vulnerability analysis to nd and address system weaknesses. A critical component of such analyses is the ability to accurately determine the negative consequences of various types of failures in the system. Numerous mathe
Objectives: To evaluate how surgeon heterogeneity – the variation in outcomes between individual surgeons – influences functional and oncological outcomes after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) and retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), and to assess whether surgeon heterogeneity affects the comparison between RALP and RRP. Patients and Methods: Laparoscopic Prostatectomy Robot Op
Background: To use the European Association of Urology Research Foundation (EAURF) registry data to determine the proportion of contemporary Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms associated with Benign Prostatic Enlargement (LUTS/BPE) patients prescribed phytotherapy, and to determine their subjective quality of life and clinical progression responses. Methods: This was a prospective multicenter multinatio
The generation of humanized ectopic ossicles (hOss) in mice has been proposed as an advanced translational and fundamental model to study the human hematopoietic system. The approach relies on the presence of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) supporting the engraftment of transplanted human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, the functional distribut
Two HIV virus types exist: HIV-1 is pandemic and aggressive, whereas HIV-2 is confined mainly to West Africa and less pathogenic. Despite the fact that it has been almost 40 years since the discovery of AIDS, there is still no cure or vaccine against HIV. Consequently, the concepts of functional vaccines and cures that aim to limit HIV disease progression and spread by persistent control of viral
Polyphenols are bioactive compounds with several anticarcinogenic activities; however, human data regarding associations with thyroid cancer (TC) is still negligible. Our aim was to evaluate the association between intakes of total, classes and subclasses of polyphenols and risk of differentiated TC and its main subtypes, papillary and follicular, in a European population. The European Prospective
Purpose: Differences exist concerning when and how to perform lymph node dissection (LND) during radical prostatectomy due to lack of high-grade evidence to its safety and efficacy. We aimed to compare readmission rates between limited and extended LND during open radical prostatectomy (ORP) and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective trial of
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by misfolding and aggregation of naturally occurring beta-amyloid peptides (Aβ). These aggregates are thought to be pathogenic to neurons, although the conformation of the pathogenic Aβ species remains unclear. Biochemical extraction methods and different microscopy techniques (TEM, confocal) can be used to identify pathogenic Aβ species in the
PURPOSE: To develop a mapping model to estimate EQ-5D-3L from the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).METHODS: The responses to EQ-5D-3L and KOOS questionnaires (n = 40,459 observations) were obtained from the Swedish National anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Register for patients ≥ 18 years with the knee ACL injury. We used linear regression (LR) and beta-mixture (BM) for direct m
The purpose was to elucidate the interplay between current smoking, anthropometric measurements, and endogenous hormone levels in women ≤ 40 years. Questionnaires on lifestyle and reproductive factors were completed by 269 healthy women from high-risk breast cancer families between 1996 and 2006 in Sweden. Blood samples for analyses of plasma testosterone, estradiol, androstenedione, sex hormone-b
Background: It has been suggested that vitamin D might protect from breast cancer, although studies on levels of vitamin D in association with breast cancer have been inconsistent. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to be associated with vitamin D. The aim of this study was to investigate such vitamin D-SNP associations in relatio
Background:In Lynch syndrome, inherited mismatch repair (MMR) defects predispose to colorectal cancer and to a wide spectrum of extra-colorectal tumours. Utilising a cohort study design, we aimed to determine the risk of extra-colorectal cancer and to identify yet unrecognised tumour types.Methods:Data from 1624 Lynch syndrome mutation carriers in the Danish hereditary non-polyposis colorectal can
