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Background: Interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) for tuberculosis infection (TBI) cannot distinguish different stages of the TBI spectrum (including spontaneously cleared infection). We investigated patterns of Mtb-specific blood mediators in people with and without TBI during tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). Methods: Individuals with likelihood of recent Mtb exposure, aged 15–25 years, with

Understanding of carbon nanomaterials oxidation is useful in many different applications, e.g., for soot emission abatement, or in defect engineering aiming to improve material properties. In this work, the oxidative behavior of three substantially different qualities of carbon black, multiwall carbon-nanotubes, and few-layer graphene, was studied using a combination of macroscale quantification (

High disease activity, cognitive dysfunction (CD), fatigue and pain negatively affect the quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the impact on brain perfusion and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability remains incompletely understood. Therefore, we utilized 3 T dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging to investigate these factors in a cohort

We describe a magnetic relation in analogy to the well-known dielectric Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation [R. H. Lyddane et al., Phys. Rev. 59, 673 (1941)PHRVAO0031-899X10.1103/PhysRev.59.673]. This magnetic relation follows directly from the model equations for nuclear induction due to fast oscillating electromagnetic fields [F. Bloch, Phys. Rev. 70, 460 (1946)PHRVAO0031-899X10.1103/PhysRev.70.460] a

Decoherence of a charge qubit is usually credited to charge noise in the environment. Here we show that charge noise may not be the limiting factor for the qubit coherence. To this end, we study coherence properties of a crystal-phase defined semiconductor nanowire double quantum dot (DQD) charge qubit strongly coupled to a high-impedance resonator using radio-frequency reflectometry. Response of

Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference a

The paper provides an overview and preliminary results from ongoing research with the aim to evolve cross-laminated timber (CLT) into the next generation of Tailored Laminated Timber (TLT). This is done by exploring innovative concepts that optimize the mechanical performance, while simultaneously ensuring adherence to circular economy principles. The current study aims at investigating the potent

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with marked gender and ethnic disparities. We report a large transancestral association study of SLE using Immunochip genotype data from 27,574 individuals of European (EA), African (AA) and Hispanic Amerindian (HA) ancestry. We identify 58 distinct non-HLA regions in EA, 9 in AA and 16 in HA (50% of these regions have multiple independe

Herein, the grown-into-glass (GIG) CsPbBr3:Ln3+ (Ln = La, Lu) nanocrystals (NCs) are designed and fabricated using an in situ nanocrystallization method. It is shown that a substitution of Pb2+ sites with Ln3+ ions leads to a blueshift of emission position induced by an increase of the bandgap of CsPbBr3. Additionally, the GIG-samples are found to feature excellent photoluminescent (PL) properties

High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases leads to short-pulse extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation that is useful in a number of applications, such as attosecond science and nanoscale imaging. However, this process depends on many parameters, and there is still no consensus on how to choose the target geometry to optimize the source efficiency. We review the physics of HHG with emphasis on the

Ultra-thin high-Al content barrier layers can enable improved gate control and high-frequency operation of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) but the precise composition control is very challenging. In this work, we investigate the compositional profiles of AlxGa1−xN/GaN HEMT structures with targeted Al content in the barrier layer, x = 0.50, 0.70, and 1, and thickness in the sub

There is a growing interest in reconstructing the density matrix of photoelectron wavepackets, in particular in complex systems where decoherence can be introduced either by a partial measurement of the system or through coupling with a stochastic environment. To this end, several methods to reconstruct the density matrix, quantum state tomography protocols, have been developed and tested on photo

Developing a reliable procedure for the growth of III-V nanowires (NW) on silicon (Si) substrates remains a significant challenge, as current methods rely on trial-and-error approaches with varying interpretations of critical process steps such as sample preparation, Au-Si alloy formation in the growth reactor, and NW alignment. Addressing these challenges is essential for enabling high-performanc

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have significant potential for disease modeling and cell therapies. However, their wide-spread application has faced challenges, including batch-to-batch variabilities, and notable distinctions when compared to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Some of these disparities can stem from using undefined culture conditions and the reprogramming procedure, however, the

Artificial intelligence (AI) is set to disrupt the way businesses and civil society operate, but the large energy usage for training and running AI compute models remains a pressing concern in terms of its sustainability. Analog in-memory computing (AIMC) hardware based on memristor devices is a promising route to significant energy-savings. Among the various memristor technologies, ferroelectric

Lung transplantation remains the definitive treatment for end-stage lung disease, but several critical challenges persist. Key issues include the limited availability of donor organs, ongoing debates over optimal preservation methods, and the controversy surrounding the best intraoperative support systems. Additionally, the efficacy of bridging strategies to transplantation continues to be questio

A novel mechanism of sequestering tumor suppressor mRNAs reveals new therapeutic vulnerabilities in leukemic cells.