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Som en följd av den ökade globala rörligheten har internationella utsändningar kommit att bli allt vanligare. Dessa utsändningar kräver emellertid en effektiv planering och administration, inte minst vad gäller hanteringen av skatter. Inom internationella företag tillämpas ofta en särskild skattekompensationspolicy för att garantera att den anställde vid en utsändning inte erhåller en lägre disponAs a consequence of the global mobility, the number of international assignments has increased over the past years. International assignment programs require an effective planning and administration, especially regarding the management of taxes. Within global companies, a special tax reimbursement policy is often implemented, designed to reimburse an employee for the additional tax cost of a forei

The purpose of this report was to investigate the damage caused by smoke on electronic equipment, and through this to be able to estimate the decontamination needs at Ericssons plant in Borås. The level of damage caused by the smoke is believed to be influenced by the following parameters: relative humidity, corrosion rate, time duration, temperature, deposition of soot and mainly negative halogen

This graduation project examines how pool fires in dike areas effect surrounding tanks containing liquid hydrocarbons, as well as other equipment in an oil refinery. The purpose of the report is to investigate a certain tank area at Preemraff Lysekil and give some suggestions to reduce the consequences of a dike pool fire. Calculations and simulations has been done according to heat radiation, flo

Issue of study: There is no clear framework for IPR negotiation to support the establishment of I-U collaboration by balancing their competing interests. For I-U collaborations within the same country, several sets of guidelines have been produced to emphasize IPR-issues in R&D collaborations. These have helped to increase awareness, but corporations and universities still report problems when

This paper aims to analyze the influential factors by parallel analysis of both regions (Yangtze and Oresund) and then explore the possible model for Yangtze ICT cluster based on the experience of Oresund ICT. Through the qualitative and quantitative analysis, we find the result that there is no universal model of cluster that can be applied to any region directly. The model of Chinese ICT cluster

Common phenomenons today are so called failed states. These states are characterised by among other factors civil war, insecurity and corruption. An important step towards escaping this precarious position is ending the violent conflict that reigns in the country. Bearing this in mind I have studied transition-period, the period between a peace agreement and national elections, in three states: Si

Användandet av wikis inom organisationer är en relativt ny företeelse. Intåget har i stort sett gjorts utan någon bakomliggande kunskap om vad detta system kan tillföra. På senare år har fenomenet dock uppmärksammats inom forskningsvärlden där man nu börjar inse systemets potential som ett knowledge management system. Verktyget ger användarna möjlighet att generera, lagra och sprida kunskap inom o

We present an EBL-defined nanowire pattern that can sort axons coming from different directions on a substrate. The pattern defines tracks for left-bound traffic and right-bound traffic, which opens up new possibilities for designing neural networks on a chip.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder. The neuropathology is characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Transplants of fetal/embryonic midbrain tissue have exhibited some beneficial clinical effects in open-label trials. Neural grafting has, however, not become a standard treatment for several reasons. First, the supply of donor cel

The distribution of mRNA for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type 1 (PAC1) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) types 1 and 2 (VPAC1 and VPAC2, respectively) receptors was examined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in human cerebral arteries and in trigeminal, otic, sphenopalatine and superior cervical ganglia. RT-PCR products of the expe

A temporal filtering technique, complementary to spectral filtering, has been developed for laser-induced fluorescence measurements. The filter is applicable in cases where the laser-induced interfering signals and the signal of interest have different temporal characteristics. For the interfering-signal discrimination a picosecond laser system along with a fast time-gated intensified CCD camera w

We present a new method for rejecting noise from HPLC-MS data sets. The algorithm reveals peptides at low concentrations by minimizing both the chemical and the random noise. The goal is reached through a systematic approach to characterize and remove the background. The data are represented as two-dimensional maps, in order to optimally exploit the complementary dimensions of separation of the pe

Defects in the mitochondrial protein frataxin are responsible for Friedreich ataxia, a neurodegenerative and cardiac disease that affects 1:40,000 children. Here, we present the crystal structures of the iron-free and iron-loaded frataxin trimers, and a single-particle electron microscopy reconstruction of a 24 subunit oligomer. The structures reveal fundamental aspects of the frataxin mechanism.

Objectives: To apply the normalized resistance interpretation (NRI) method to Etest MIC results which have higher precision than conventional log(2) dilution MIC tests due to the inclusion of intermediate values. If successful, NRI might provide an objective tool for the definition of epidemiological MIC cut-off values. Methods: MICs of tigecycline and other antimicrobial agents were determined fo

Forest certification can be conceived as one of many rapidly growing non-state market driven (NSMD) modes of governance. The environmental effectiveness of forest certification is oftentimes evaluated by indicators such as stringency of standards, degree of participation by key stakeholders, certified area, etc. In political science, forest certification as an NSMD governance arrangement is usuall