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Earth's lithosphere probably experienced an evolution towards the modern plate tectonic regime, owing to secular changes in mantle temperature(1,2). Radiogenic isotope variations are interpreted as evidence for the declining rates of continental crustal growth over time(3-5), with some estimates suggesting that over 70% of the present continental crustal reservoir was extracted by the end of the A
One of the most frequently applied methods for integrating controls on primary production through satellite data is the light use efficiency (LUE) approach, which links vegetation gross or net primary productivity (GPP or NPP) to remotely-sensed estimates of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR). Eddy covariance towers provide continuous measurements of carbon flux, presenting an opp
A system with property-close source-separation of thirteen different solid household waste fractions in a residential area in southern Sweden, including the implementation of new systems for source-separation of food waste, waste electric and electronic equipment, hazardous waste and fat, oils and grease was monitored over a 2-year period. Continuous weighing of disposed waste and repeated waste c
The integrated selective enrichment target is a microfluidic platform for SPE sample preparation with integrated nanocolumns, which simultaneously offers direct MALDI MS read-out. Here, we present a study on the importance of different nanocolumn outlet hole geometries and hole areas in relation to MS signal intensity and reproducibility. A design solution that provides the flow characteristics re
Let mu be a Gibbs measure of the doubling map T of the circle. For a mu-generic point x and a given sequence {r(n)} subset of R+, consider the intervals (T-n x - r(n) (mod 1), T-n x + r(n) (mod 1)). In analogy to the classical Dvoretzky covering of the circle, we study the covering properties of this sequence of intervals. This study is closely related to the local entropy function of the Gibbs me
In a patient with chest pain and suspected acute coronary syndrome, the electrocardiogram (ECG) is the only readily available diagnostic tool. It is important to maximize its usefulness to detect acute myocardial ischemia that may evolve to myocardial infarction unless the patient is treated expediently with reperfusion therapy. Since diagnostic guidelines have usually included only ST-elevation m
We have applied three different imaging diagnostics: particle imaging velocimetry, high-speed shadowgraphy, and ballistic imaging, to observe the breakup of a liquid jet in a crossflow of air under a variety of conditions. The experimental system was designed to provide well-controlled conditions with minimal amounts of turbulence in the liquid jet and the gaseous crossflow. A variety of Weber num
We overexpressed and purified enzymes involved in the pyrimidine catabolic pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces (Lachancea) kluyveri. A new vector was therefore designed, providing the first specific expression system in Saccharomyces kluyveri. The URC1 gene was overexpressed and a soluble protein obtained and successfully purified using the C-terminally added His-tag. Our system will be used for fu
We introduce a new class of exchange-correlation potentials for a static and time-dependent density-functional theory of strongly correlated systems in 3D. The potentials are obtained via dynamical mean-field theory and, for strong enough interactions, exhibit a discontinuity at half-filling density, a signature of the Mott transition. For time-dependent perturbations, the dynamics is described in
The aim of this study was to understand parents' perspectives on how children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) benefit from a relationship with companion animals. Parents were invited to participate in focus-group discussions. One open-ended question with follow-up questions was asked and the parents' responses were subsequently categorized. Three main themes emerged: the quali
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of follicular lymphoma (FL) have previously identified human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene variants. To identify additional FL susceptibility loci, we conducted a large-scale two-stage GWAS in 4,523 case subjects and 13,344 control subjects of European ancestry. Five non-HLA loci were associated with FL risk: 11q23.3 (rs4938573, p = 5.79 × 10(-20)) near CXCR5
Plant canopies affect the canopy micrometeorology, and thereby alter canopy exchange processes. For the simulation of these exchange processes on a regional or global scale, large-scale vegetation models often assume homogeneous environmental conditions within the canopy. In this study, we address the importance of vertical variations in light, temperature, CO2 concentration and humidity within th
Uncertainty, insufficient information or information of poor quality, limited cognitive capacity and time, along with value conflicts and ethical considerations, are all aspects that make risk management and risk communication difficult. This paper provides a review of different risk concepts and describes how these influence risk management, communication, and planning in relation to forest ecosy
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are thought to be pathogenic in ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV) by stimulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to degranulate and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The aim of this study was to investigate if PMNs from AAV patients are more readily stimulated by ANCA compared with PMNs from healthy controls (HCs). Differences in ANCA character
Cholera toxin (CT) binds to GM1-ganglioside receptors present on all nucleated cells. Despite this, it is a very potent mucosal adjuvant that has a dramatic impact on immune cells, as well as nerve and epithelial cells, causing diarrhea. This fact has hampered our understanding of whether the adjuvanticity of CT is direct or indirect, as cells that bind CT may or may not be involved in its adjuvan
The aim of this study was to investigate if future thinking would change following two forms of Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for major depression. A second aim was to study the association between pre-post changes in future thinking and pre-post changes in depressive symptoms. Effects of psychological treatments are most often tested with self-report inventories and seldom
beta-1,4-Gatactosyltransferase 7 (beta 4GalT7) is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of proteoglycans (PGs). Mammalian cells produce PGs, which are involved in biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation. The PGs consist of a core protein, with one or several GAG chains attached. Both the structure of the PGs and the GAG chains, and the expre
Background: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3B) is the major kinase phosphorylating tau protein. Hyperphosphorylated tau is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite extensive research, the role of GSK3B in AD pathogenesis is not fully understood. Objective: To evaluate possible associations between gene variants of GSK3B and risk of AD. Methods: Twelve GSK3B tag single-nucleot
