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The study of biological mechanisms involved in human fetal brain development requires suitable models. To date, most findings have been acquired from animal models that fail to account for human-specific developmental traits. To counteract this limitation, a novel in vitro model is proposed where human pluripotent stem cells are differentiated into a coherent fetal brain tissue in a gradient formi
Noroviruses are the major cause for viral acute gastroenteritis in the world. Despite the existing infection prevention strategies in hospitals, the disease continues to spread and causes extensive and numerous outbreaks. Hence, there is a need to investigate the possibility of airborne transmission of norovirus. In this study, we developed an experimental setup for studies on the infectivity of a
Neurogenesis, the production of new neurons from neural stem cells, dramatically decreases during aging concomitantly with increased inflammation both systemically and in the brain. However, the precise role of inflammation and whether local or systemic factors drive the neurogenic decline during aging is poorly understood. Here, we identify CXCR5/5/CXCL13 signaling as a novel regulator of neuroge
The fate options of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) include self-renewal, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. HSCs self-renewal divisions in stem cells are required for rapid regeneration during tissue damage and stress, but how precisely intracellular calcium signals are regulated to maintain fate options in normal hematopoiesis is unclear. S100A6 knockout (KO) HSCs have reduced total cell
Malignant melanoma is among the most aggressive skin cancers and it has among the highest metastatic potentials. Although surgery to remove the primary tumor is the gold standard treatment, once melanoma progresses and metastasizes to the lymph nodes and distal organs, i.e., metastatic melanoma (MM), the usual outcome is decreased survival. To improve survival rates and life span, advanced treatme
Adhesion is a key component of hematopoietic stem cell regulation mediating homing and retention to the niche in the bone marrow. Here, using an RNA interference screen, we identify cytohesin 1 (CYTH1) as a critical mediator of adhesive properties in primary human cord blood-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Knockdown of CYTH1 disrupted adhesion of HSPCs to primary human mes
Background: Residual tumor volume (RTV) and extent of resection (EOR) have previously been shown to affect survival in glioblastoma (GB) patients. Quantitative radiological assessment (QRA) of these factors could potentially affect clinical decision-making in the postoperative period. Purpose: The first aim was to evaluate the reproducibility of different volume estimation methods of RTV and EOR b
Objective: To determine the relation between concentrations of prostate specific antigen at age 60 and subsequent diagnosis of clinically relevant prostate cancer in an unscreened population to evaluate whether screening for prostate cancer and chemoprevention could be stratified by risk. Design: Case-control study with 1:3 matching nested within a highly representative population based cohort stu
Antisymmetric, symmetric and standard actuation of acoustofluidic devices were compared in terms of focusability. By imaging the end part of an acoustophoresis separation channel while flowing fluorescent beads through it, we show that beads get more tightly focused by antisymmetric actuation than symmetric and standard actuation at a given electrical input power. This means that antisymmetric act
People appear to vary in their susceptibility to lifestyle risk factors for cardiometabolic disease; determining a priori who is most sensitive may help optimize the timing, design, and delivery of preventative interventions. We aimed to ascertain a person's degree of resilience or sensitivity to adverse lifestyle exposures and determine whether these classifications help predict cardiometabolic d
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with inflammation systemically and in the atrial tissue. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is increased in patients with AF and is suggested to be one of the molecules that drives inflammation. Autoantibodies against oxidized LDL and apolipoprotein B100, the protein component of LDL, are linked to atherosclerotic disease. Howev
Ambient pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) can provide a compelling platform for studying an analyte's oxidation and reduction reactions in solutions. This paper presents proof-of-principle operando measurements of a model organometallic complex, iron hexacyanide, in an aqueous solution using the dip-and-pull technique. The data demonstrates that the electrochemically active liquid
This study focuses on the intrinsically disordered regulatory domain of p53 and the impact of post-translational modifications. Through fully atomistic explicit water molecular dynamics simulations, we show the wealth of information and detailed understanding that can be obtained by varying the number of phosphorylated amino acids and implementing a restriction in the conformational entropy of the
Knowledge of human fetal blood development and how it differs from adult blood is highly relevant to our understanding of congenital blood and immune disorders and childhood leukemia, of which the latter can originate in utero. Blood formation occurs in waves that overlap in time and space, adding to heterogeneity, which necessitates single-cell approaches. Here, a combined single-cell immunopheno
Despite low or undetectable plasma viral load, people living with HIV-2 (PLWH2) typically progress toward AIDS. The driving forces behind HIV-2 disease progression and the role of viremia are still not known, but low-level replication in tissues is believed to play a role. To investigate the impact of viremic and aviremic HIV-2 infection on target and bystander cell pathology, we used data-indepen
In the present study, we demonstrate an acoustofluidic trapping technique based on the standing bulk acoustic waves (S-BAW) generated inside a uniquely designed chamber - the 'shaped trap' that enables the particle to experience the axial primary radiation force (A-PRF) along the flow direction as the main trapping force.
Theoretical approaches to learning in practice-based jazz improvisation contexts include situated learning and ecological perspectives. This article focuses on how interest-driven, self-sustaining jazz learning activities can be matched against the concepts of stolen knowledge (Brown & Duguid, 1996) and landscape of learning (Bjerstedt, 2014). Based on an extensive interview study with SwedishTheoretical approaches to learning in practice-based jazz improvisation contexts include situated learning and ecological perspectives. This article focuses on how interest-driven, self-sustaining jazz learning activities can be matched against the concepts of stolen knowledge (Brown & Duguid, 1996) and landscape of learning (Bjerstedt, 2014). Based on an extensive interview study with Swedish
Variation in transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), the strongest genetic risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), may play a role in prostate cancer (PCa) depending on lifestyle factors. The aims of this study were to determine if TCF7L2 rs7903146 is associated with risk of PCa and if the association is modified by lifestyle factors independently of T2D status.
Self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) has been proposed to be influenced by low oxygen tension (hypoxia). This signaling, related to the cellular localization inside the bone marrow niche and/or influenced by extrinsic factors, promotes the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). Whether HIF-1α can be used as a therapeutic target in the tre
