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A fully integrated 0.6 V VCO for the GPS L1 band is realized in a 90 nm RF-CMOS process. The purpose of the design is to demonstrate how suitable deep submicron CMOS transistors are for ultra low voltage, low power oscillator design. The VCO operates at 6.3 GHz and a divide-by-four circuit buffer provide the wanted 1575.42 MHz signal. Measured phase noise is for a 0.6 V supply voltage and bias cur
Passive exposure to tobacco smoke was assessed in children with asthma (age 3-15) and in referents. There was statistically significantly (P less than 0.0005) higher excretion of the nicotine metabolite, cotinine, in the urine of 49 children with asthma (geometric mean 10 ng/ml) compared with 77 referents (4.8 ng/ml). Maternal smoking was statistically significantly more prevalent among the asthma
The process simulator ASPEN PLUS was used for simulation of an ethanol production process based on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. Various process configurations were studied to increase the overall yield of ethanol and to reduce the energy consumption in the process. An increased utilization of the pentosan fraction was achieved by a complex recycling of streams in the process.
Postoperative morbidity after colorectal surgery was retrospectively investigated, comparing 32 alcoholics (≥60 gm of alcohol a day) to 32 controls (<25 gm of alcohol a day). The material originated from 260 male patients and the two groups were paired with respect to operative procedure, diagnosis, age-complicating cardiopulmonary diseases, weight, and smoking habits. Postoperative morbidity was
We measured πΣ invariant mass spectra below and above the K̄N mass threshold in the K-d → NπΣ reaction in order to study the K̄N interaction and the Λ(1405) resonance. This reaction can be described by the two-step process: (i) K-N1 → K̄N followed by (ii) K̄N2 → πΣ, where N1 and N2 are nucleons bound in the deuteron. We deduced the S -wave scattering amplitude of K̄N → K̄N as well as K̄N → πΣ in I
In this paper we present a working hypothesis that there is need to further analyze Botswana’s colonial era if we are to understand several aspects of contemporary economic structures. Our focus is on identifying the roots of post-independence high levels of inequality. We have constructed social tables for 1936-1964, covering all but the very first decades of colonial rule, and based on them we h
This thesis considers the extent to which Member States may be authorized under Community law to restrict the reach of their charitable tax incentives. The limits that can be imposed by Member States in setting objectives for charitable tax incentives that are tied to nationality or domestic territory have not been clarified. Finally, this thesis assesses whether the tax incentives provided for ch
The aim of this thesis is to study the security concept presented in official speeches held by former Chinese president Hu Jintao and current president Xi Jinping in order to determine how their understanding of the security concept has affected Chinese politics during the years 2009-2016. It uses relevant security theory in order to explore different security ideals, and regime theory to understa
In this paper we discuss $(\epsilon,\delta)$-Freudenthal Kantor triple systems with certain structure on the subspace $L_{-2}$ of the corresponding standard embedding five graded Lie (super)algebra $L(\epsilon,\delta):=L_{-2}\oplus L_{-1}\oplus L_0\oplus L_1\oplus L_2; [L_i,L_j]\subseteq L_{i+j}$. We recall Lie and Jordan structures associated with $(\epsilon,\delta)$-Freudenthal Kantor triple sys
Background: Seafarers constitute a global workforce exposed to unique psychosocial, organisational, and environmental stressors. Despite growing attention to maritime wellbeing, empirical evidence on how these multi level determinants interact to shape mental and physical health remains limited. This thesis aims to identify key determinants of mental health, wellbeing, happiness, and self rated he
