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Divergent ecological adaptation resulting from selection is common, but how often it results in differentiation that can last in the face of gene flow is debated. Reproductive barriers persistent to stochastic environmental change are key for species to form. Hence, how ecological adaptation is coupled to reproductive isolation is key for understanding ecological speciation. Lineages that are both
Redan så tidigt som 1957 diskuterades frågan om fri rörlighet och hur man inom dåvarande EG kunde underlätta rörligheten för de fyra friheterna: personer, varor, kapital och tjänster. Till dags dato har EU rönt framgångar för tre av dessa fyra friheter, för tjänster är det dock fortsatt besvärligt. En process att undanröja de hinder som stod i vägen för tjänsters fria rörlighet inleddes av stats- As early as 1957 the issue of freedom of movement was discussed and how the EU could facilitate the movement of the four freedoms: people, good, capital and services. To date the EU has been successful for three of the four freedoms, however for services the situation remains difficult. A process to eliminate the obstacles that stood in the way of free movement of services was launched by heads of
Det får anses vedertaget att barn är en särskilt utsatt grupp världen över. Gifta barn, som dessutom är asylsökande, är alldeles särskilt sårbara. Insikten om detta bör genomsyra all lagstiftning som avser barn, där barnets bästa ska sättas i främsta rummet. Uppsatsens övergripande syfte har varit att undersöka ett i utlandet gift barns rätt att i Sverige återförenas med sina föräldrar. Syftet haIt may be considered accepted that children are a particularly vulnerable group worldwide. Married children, who are also asylum seekers, are particularly vulnerable. The realization of this should permeate all legislation concerning children, where the best interests of the child shall be a primary consideration. The overall purpose of the essay has been to investigate a child married abroad righ
The aim of this study was to see how a group home for mentally ill people was portrayed in a local newspaper debate about building a new home for mentally ill people in residential area. The research material found in the daily newspaper Helsingborgs Dagblad was both articles and debates. We selected the articles and debates (posts) that could answer our questions. We used text analysis and were i
Detta arbete undersöker om de föreskrifter som ger lag från lägre divisioner automatisk hemmaplan i Svenska Cupen (fotboll) har begränsat de totala intäkter som genereras av hemmalagen i cupen. Rådande föreskrifter för Svenska Cupen gör att majoriteten av matcherna spelas på laget från den lägre divisionens hemmaplan. Data kring publiksnitt och biljettpriser har samlats in för att kunna simulera h
In later time many companies have faced a major strategically change of focus and companies that have previous acted as traditional product manufacturers now describe themselves as providers of complete solutions. Tetra Pak Processing Systems, operating in the liquid food processing industry, has faced an increased level of competition the past years. The globalization of the industry means that c
Background: Osteoclasts have been strongly implicated in osteoarthritic cartilage degradation, at least indirectly via bone resorption, and have been shown to degrade cartilage in vitro. The osteoclast resorption processes required to degrade subchondral bone and cartilage-the remodeling of which is important in the osteoarthritic disease process-have not been previously described, although cathep
Understanding communication and signalling has long been strived for in studies of animal behaviour. Many songbirds have a variable and complex song, closely connected to territory defence and reproductive success. However, the quantification of such variable song is challenging. In this paper, we present a novel, automated method for detection and classification of syllables in birdsong. The meth
Control of nutrients, mainly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), plays a significant role in preventing cyanobacterial blooms (harmful algal blooms (HABs)). This study aims at evaluating changes in the risk of the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms and advancing the understanding of how nitrogen and phosphorus affect the growth of cyanobacteria in a eutrophic lake, Lake Vombsjön, in southern Sweden.
Through physiological integration, clonal plants can support ramets in unfavourable patches, exploit heterogeneously distributed resources and distribute resources that are taken up over large areas. Physiological integration generally increases in adverse conditions, but it is not well known which factors determine the evolution of physiological integration. The aim of this study was to investiga
The Swedish consumer magazine Råd & Rön (”Advice and Results”) has been available to Swedish consumers since 1958. For a major part of this time the Swedish state, represented by Konsumentverket (the Swedish Consumer Agency) and its predecessor, Konsumentinstitutet (the National Institute for Consumer Information), was the owner of the magazine. In 2006 Råd & Rön was sold to the independen
One of the most influential factors determining the growth and composition of soil bacterial communities is pH. However, soil pH is often correlated with many other factors, including nutrient availability and plant community, and causality among factors is not easily determined. If soil pH is directly influencing the bacterial community, this must lead to a bacterial community growth optimised fo
Popular Abstract in Swedish Akut mediaotit - öroninflammation - är den vanligaste bakteriella infektionen hos barn. Den vanligaste öroninflammationsbakterien är pneumokocken. Öroninflammation är en infektion som varierar stort i svårighetsgrad; medan många öroninflammationer läker utan behandling kan andra ge upphov till livshotande komplikationer. Eftersom självläkningsfrekvensen är ganska hög oAcute otitis media (AOM) is the most common bacterial infection in children. The clinical course varies from spontaneous recovery to life-threatening complications, and this variability mainly depends on the causative pathogen. Bacteria usually invade the middle ear from the nasopharynx, where they are carried frequently, both during sickness and health. The most common bacterium to cause AOM, and
If microbial degradation of carbon substrates in arctic soil is stimulated by climatic warming, this would be a significant positive feedback on global change. With data from a climate change experiment in Northern Sweden we show that warming and enhanced soil nutrient availability, which is a predicted long-term consequence of climatic warming and mimicked by fertilization, both increase soil mic
The California Floristic Province exhibits one of the richest floras on the planet, with more than 5500 native plant species, approximately 40% of which are endemic. Despite its impressive diversity and the attention it has garnered from ecologists and evolutionary biologists, historical causes of species richness and endemism in California remain poorly understood. Using a phylogenetic analysis o
Animals with color vision use color information in intra- and interspecific communication, which in turn may drive the evolution of conspicuous colored body traits via natural and sexual selection. A recent study found that the transparent wings of small flies and wasps in lower-reflectance light environments display vivid and stable structural color patterns, called "wing interference patterns" (
We tested whether bacterial communities of subarctic heath soil are adapted to elevated temperature after experimental warming by open-top greenhouses for 7 or 17 years. The long-term warming by 1-2 degrees C significantly decreased bacterial community growth, by 28% and 73% after 7 and 17 years, respectively. The decrease was most likely due to decreased availability of labile substrate under war
