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For small deformations a crack/interface model that considers general 3D normal and shear loading is proposed. It involves elasticity, plasticity and damage and it is thermodynamically based. An essential feature of the model is its consistency with the concepts behind the fictitious crack model. In particular, no crack deformation occurs before the crack is initiated and when a crack has just bee
In conventional presentations of continuum mechanics, the reference placement of a solid body is taken to be independent of the observer. Furthermore, the Euclidean spaces associated with different frames of reference are taken to be identical. In this paper these assumption are abandoned and different framings, as well as reference placements, will correspond to different Euclidean spaces. This r
P>Lyme borreliosis, caused by spirochaetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi genospecies complex, is the most commonly reported tick-borne infection in Europe and North America. The non-specific nature of many of its clinical manifestations presents a diagnostic challenge and concise case definitions are essential for its satisfactory management. Lyme borreliosis is very similar in Europe and North Amer
Abstract in UndeterminedThis article aims to provide a historical perspective to the emergence of trust-based control systems in the workplace. These systems are often seen as a response to increasedflexibility requirements following the progress of digital technology, globalisationand an increased knowledge content in production. In contrary to this opinion, itis argued in the article that the ph
In this study, design of low-order feedforward controllers from both reference signal and measurable disturbance for proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers is considered. The feedforward controllers from reference are equivalent to the use of a PID controller with set-point weighting. The design problem is formulated as a convex optimisation problem and then solved for a batch of proce
This paper analyzes the relationship between three dimensions (economic, social, and political) of globalization and life expectancy using a panel of 92 countries covering the 1970–2005 period. Using different estimation techniques and sample groupings, we find that economic globalization has a robust positive effect on life expectancy, even when controlling for income, nutritional intake, literac
Lifestyle interventions (i.e., diet and/or physical activity) are effective in delaying or preventing the onset of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, policymakers must know the cost-effectiveness of such interventions before implementing them at the large-scale population level. This review discusses various issues (e.g., characteristics, modeling, and long-term effectiveness) in the ec
Early to late Holocene sediments from core F80, Fårö Deep, Baltic Sea, are investigated for their palynomorph composition and dinoflagellate cyst record to map variations in sea-surface-water salinity and palaeoproductivity during the past 6000 years. The F80 palynomorph assemblages are subdivided into four Assemblage Zones (AZs) named A to D. The transition from the stratigraphically oldest AZ A
This article explores how the organisation of urban and transport planning departments affects the development of a sustainable transport system and the promotion of bicycling. Interviews conducted in Stockholm and Copenhagen showed that the organisation of the departments affects the social relations between the planners and creates power relations that either foster or marginalise cycling within
Previous studies have found associations between pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and socioeconomic status (SES), as well as a neighborhood-related disadvantage. This study analyzes the association among familial SES, parental occupation, and SDB in Swedish offspring.
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has the potential for real-time molecular imaging at high resolution and deep inside the tissue, using nonionizing radiation and not necessarily depending on exogenous imaging agents, making this technique very promising for a range of clinical applications. The fact that PAI systems can be made portable and compatible with existing imaging technologies favors clinical
Because of the continuous increases in lifetime expectancy, the incidence of age-related diseases will, unless counteracted, represent an increasing problem at both the individual and socioeconomic levels. Studies on the processes of blood cell formation have revealed several shortcomings as a consequence of chronological age. They include a reduced ability to mount adaptive immune responses and a
Asteroseismology has the capability of precisely determining stellar properties that would otherwise be inaccessible, such as radii, masses, and thus ages of stars. When coupling this information with classical determinations of stellar parameters, such as metallicities, effective temperatures, and angular diameters, powerful new diagnostics for Galactic studies can be obtained. The ongoing Stromg
A surface-sediment survey of pigments in 100 lakes in the Scandes Mountains, northern Sweden, was combined with a reconstruction of Holocene sedimentary pigments from Lake Seukokjaure to assess the major factors regulating phototrophic communities, and how these controls may have changed during the period from the deglaciation (similar to 9700 cal. years BP) to the present. The study area covers a
A series of photosensitizers for NiO-based dye-sensitized solar cells is presented. Three model compounds containing a triphenylamine donor appended to a boron dipyrromethene (bodipy) chromophore have been successfully prepared and characterised using emission spectroscopy, electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry, to ultimately direct the design of dyes with more complex structures. Carboxyli
Abstract in UndeterminedFaster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling is a method of improving bandwidth efficiency by transmitting information beyond Nyquist's orthogonality limit for interference free transmission. Previously have theoretically established that FTN can provide improved bandwidth efficiency. However, this comes at the cost of higher decoding complexity at the receiver. Our work has evaluat
Arid and semiarid Middle Eastern countries generally, and Syria in particular, face serious water shortage problems and challenges with water sustainability. Climate change, population growth, and economic development play a major role in decreasing available water resources per capita. This, in turn, has great impact on domestic, agricultural, and industrial water use. In this study, marginal and
