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Av skuldprincipen följer att ett brott inte föreligger såvida gärningen inte företagits med uppsåt. I uppsåtsrekvisitet ligger ett allmänt krav på medvetenhet. Uppfyllande av detta krav utgör en nödvändighet för att uppsåt ska anses föreligga. Vart gränsen för medvetenhet går har utformats i praxis och doktrin och bedömningen åligger domstolarna. Medvetenhetskravet torde bli särskilt aktuellt i dThe guilt principle means that one cannot be punished for something they are not guilty of. In order to be found guilty one must be considered to be somewhat aware of what they are doing (a sort of ‘awareness requirement’). This requirement constitutes a necessity in order to be found guilty of a crime. The extent of awareness which is required has been embodied as a result of case law and legal d

Popular Abstract in Swedish Diabasgångar (eng. dolerite dykes) bildas när järn- och magnesiumrika (mafiska) smältor från manteln transporteras upp genom jordskorpan och så småningom kyls av och kristalliserar i sprickor på djupet. Gångarna kan bli hundratals meter breda och kan uppträda i stort antal och bilda s.k. gångsvärmar vilka är uttryck för perioder då jordskorpan har utsatts för extensioneDolerite dykes are formed when iron- and magnesium-rich (mafic) mantle-derived magmas ascend through the lithosphere (upper part of the mantle) and crystallize as ‘hydro-fractures’ within the crust. Dykes may exist in great numbers to form dyke swarms (linear or radiating), which can be linked to time periods of continental break-up, or attempted break-up events, associated with voluminous volcani

Popular Abstract in Swedish Celler är de minsta levande beståndsdelarna i kroppens vävnader. Under fosterutecklingen och kontinuerligt under livet behöver vävnaderna storlek regleras och gamla celler bytas ut mot nya. Nya celler bildas genom att de gamla delar sig och celler som är skadade, gamla eller inte längre behövs i vävnaden tas bort genom programmerad celldöd. Det innebär att cellerna brytHAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumour cells), a protein-lipid complex originally isolated from human milk, induces programmed cell death selectively in tumour cells. It consists of partially unfolded alpha-lactalbumin in complex with oleic acid. It was previously not known if the unfolding of alpha-lactalbumin alone accounts for the activity of HAMLET or if the lipid adds biologica

Popular Abstract in Swedish Ämnet för denna sammanläggningsavhandling är lärande i en svensk konsthögskolekontext. Det finns sparsamt med forskning som avser högre utbildning i fri konst, och vi vet inte mycket om studenternas lärandeprocesser. Vilka kvaliteter utvecklar studenterna under utbildningen, och hur främjas utvecklingen av dessa kvaliteter? I linje med dessa grundläggande frågor, är detThe object of research in this thesis is learning within the context of a practice-based Master of Fine Arts program in visual art in Sweden. Research on learning in visual art practice within higher education is sparse, and we know little of the students’ learning processes. What qualities do the students actually develop during their studies? How may the development of these qualities be support

Background. Anaemia in haemodialysis patients can be effectively treated with erythropoietin. We investigated whether subcutaneous (SC) epoetin β administered once weekly was as effective as the same weekly dosage given in two to three divided doses. Methods. One hundred and fifty-eight patients (delivered Kt/V >1.0, where K=dialyser-renal urea clearance, t=dialysis time and V=filtration volume, o

Glutathione (GSH) reduction of the anticancer-active platinum(IV) compounds trans-[PtCl4(NH3)(thiazole)] (1), trans-[PtCl4(cha)(NH3)] (2), cis-[PtCl4(cha)(NH3)] (3) (cha=cyclohexylamine), and cis-[PtCl4(NH3)2] (4) has been investigated at 25 °C in a 1.0 M aqueous medium at pH 2.0–5.0 (1) and 4.5–6.8 (2–4) using stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The redox reactions follow the second-order rate law d[

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative joint disorder, and the prevalence increases with age. In Sweden, about one in 4 people over the age of 45 years has OA in at least one joint. As the population ages and the prevalence of obesity increases, OA is expected to increase even more. The knee joint is one of the most commonly affected joints. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most com

This thesis covers issues related to financing in mergers and acquisitions. It studies the relationship between firms’ financing conditions and firms’ decisions to either buy or sell assets.The first paper, Cross-border mergers and acquisitions with financially constrained owners, studies the effects of costly external financing in international asset sales. We propose a cross-border merger model This thesis covers issues related to financing in mergers and acquisitions. It studies the relationship between firms’ financing conditions and firms’ decisions to either buy or sell assets.The first paper, "Cross-border mergers and acquisitions with financially constrained owners", studies the effects of costly external financing in international asset sales. We propose a cross-border merger mode

Extreme environmental conditions make soils of the hyper-arid Atacama Desert one of the most hostile habitats for life on the planet. During the short intervals of moisture availability that occur, it remains unresolved how soil microorganisms physiologically respond to such dramatic environmental changes. Therefore, we simulated a precipitation event – without (H2O) and with (H2O + C) labile carb

INTRODUCTION: Neurological complications after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) increase patient morbidity and mortality. Carbon dioxide flooding is commonly used in open-heart surgery to reduce the risk of air embolism and neurological impairment, but it has not been evaluated in the setting of ATAAD surgery. This report describes the objectives and design of the CARTA trial, in

Background: Welders are exposed to gas and particle emissions that can cause severe lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is difficult to detect COPD early and therefore mitigating measures may be delayed. The aim of this study was to investigate lung health in welders and evaluate new sensitive methods with pot

ContextUp to half of patients with adrenal adenomas found as incidentalomas show biochemical signs of subtle cortisol hypersecretion without having clinical signs or symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome. A condition called autonomous cortisol secretion (ACS). Previous studies have indicated that ACS might be associated with increased mortality.ObjectivesExplore if ACS is an independent risk factor for i

This article is about psychiatric patients’ life stories. I explore how best to handle patient narratives in the history of medicine and, more specifically, in the history of psychiatry. By applying a narrative and phenomenological analysis – seldom used in historical studies of psychiatry and psychiatric care – the aim is a new understanding of patient stories both as historically situated and as

The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a clinically validated target for cancer therapy, and targeted therapies are often used in regimens for patients with a high HER2 expression level. Despite the success of current drugs, a number of patients succumb to their disease, which motivates development of novel drugs with other modes of action. We have previously shown that an albumin

Background: It is time-consuming for oncologists to delineate volumes for radiotherapy treatment in computer tomography (CT) images. Automatic delineation based on image processing exists, but with varied accuracy and moderate time savings. Using convolutional neural network (CNN), delineations of volumes are faster and more accurate. We have used CTs with the annotated structure sets to train and

Introduction: Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) after degenerative meniscus tears is one of the most frequently performed surgeries in orthopaedics. Although several randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have been published that showed no clear benefit compared with sham treatment or non-surgical treatment, the incidence of APM remains high. The common perception by most orthopaedic surgeons i

BACKGROUND: Engagement in activities meaningful to the individual may support the process of recovery in those with mental illness. Persons with psychiatric disabilities may reduce their engagement in meaningful activities to various degrees with possible fluctuations over time. We hypothesized that activity engagement can be altered when opportunities and support are offered at an individual and

Background: Rectal washout (RW) is routinely performed during anterior resection (AR) for rectal cancer to reduce local recurrence (LR), although is sometimes not performed during minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedures due to technical challenges and time consumption. The aim was to investigate the impact of RW on the oncological outcome after AR for rectal cancer in a registry cohort. Method

Background: The construct of aggression is central to work with violent offenders, but it is a broad construct that can be assessed by many different methods and instruments. Its measurement may, however, have profound implications for treatment planning. We need more knowledge about how different methods for assessing aggression relate to each other. Aims: Our aims were to investigate, first, the

Anthropogenic activities such as intensification of agriculture, animal husbandry and expansion of cities can negatively impact wildlife through its influence on the availability of high-quality food resources and pathogen transmission. The house sparrow (Passer domesticus), an urban exploiter, is undergoing a population decline. Nutritional constrains and infectious diseases has been highlighted