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In 1999 the sixteen national environmental quality objectives were adopted by the Swedish parliament and in effort to achieve them the local perspective is considered essential. The environmental quality objectives should, according to the Swedish government, be a part of the municipality's overall policy on sustainable development and it is important that environmental aspects are taken into
Sammanfattning I det här examensarbetet utreds rättsläget för en arbetstagares lojalitetsplikt och yttrandefrihet i sociala medier. Facebook, Twitter och bloggar hör till de sociala medier som under de senaste åren har visat på en drastisk ökning av användare. De sociala medierna har fått stor genomslagskraft och används dagligen för att rapportera och uppdatera omgivningen om såväl privata som saSummary In this thesis, the legal situation of a worker's duty of loyalty and freedom of speech in social media will be investigated. Facebook, Twitter and blogs are examples of social media’s that have shown a dramatic increase in users during the past years. Social media has a major impact on today’s society and are used by people daily to report and update others about different thoughts an
In August 2017, a deadly crackdown by Myanmar’s army on Rohingya Muslims sent hundreds of thousands fleeing across the border into Bangladesh. The situation in Myanmar has escalated over the last few years. Mass displacements of refugees, sustained allegations of crimes against humanity, and a large-scale intervention has propelled the conflict to centre stage of international human rights. The si
Denna uppsats behandlar konsumentköplagens reglering av hästköp. Konsumentköplagen tillämpas vid tvister rörande köp av lösa saker, däribland levande djur, där säljaren är näringsidkare och köparen är konsument. Genom användandet av en rättsdogmatisk metod undersöker uppsatsen, utifrån ett kritiskt perspektiv, huruvida konsumentköplagens felregler är förenliga med hästaffärers särdrag. Dagens utfThis thesis addresses the regulation of horse sales in the Consumer Sales Act. The Consumer Sales Act applies in disputes regarding movable property, including living animals, when a business sells to a consumer. Through the use of a conventional legal method, this thesis investigates if the rules applicable on defective products in the Consumer Sales Act are compatible with the characteristics of
Cirka 3000 internationella investeringsavtal har ingåtts sedan 1960-talet för att främja och skydda gränsöverskridande investeringar över hela världen. Avtalen innehåller vanligtvis tvistlösningsmekanismen Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS), som innebär att utländska investerare ges rätt att stämma värdstater inför en internationell skiljedomstol för åtgärder som potentiellt påverkar investeApproximately 3000 international investment agreements (IIAs), mostly bilateral investment treaties, have been designed since the 1960’s to promote and protect foreign investment across the world. In case of a dispute, the agreements provide for investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) in an arbitration tribunal. Investors have, however, been successful in extending arbitration to issues concernin
Malignant brain tumor is a highly invasive and vascularized cancer. Current forms of therapy are not curative and can, at best, prolong survival for patients with this disease. The mean survival is only around 15 months. The aims of the present thesis have been to develop and explore a stem cell based vector system for delivery of therapeutic transgenes to experimental gliomas. First, we investig
HIV-1 evolves constantly within an infected individual, due to its mutation-prone viral enzyme, high viral turnover and pressure from the host immune system. Therefore, viruses isolated at different time points from the same individual are never exactly the same and, accordingly, rarely function the same way. However, if we can understand how HIV-1 phenotypically evolves in the newly infected host
Vascular complications of diabetes account for the majority of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. Large clinical trials have identified hyperglycemia as a risk factor in the development of diabetic vascular complications. The effects of hyperglycemia on the vessel wall are not fully understood, but chronic vascular inflammation has been implicated to play a major role in the pathogen
One of the cleanest ways of transporting goods is at sea. However, the emissions from ships increase and with a wider knowledge about the environmental consequences caused by the emissions, requisite regulations are needed. This thesis deals with air emissions of sulphate (SOx) - and nitrogen oxides (NOx). These emissions cause negative environmental effects both by direct pollution and by forming
This Master Thesis has been done at Business Unit Global Service at Ericsson Ltd in Stockholm. It is written by a student who is studying a Master of Science in Electrical Engineering and it is done in co-operation with the institution of Production Management at Lund Institute of Technology. The Master Thesis examine whether it is possible to make a general cost distribution, towards which each M
The thesis starts with a description of the background to the change of the rules on deduction of VAT on mixed use immovable property through the insertion of Article 168a in the RVD. The reason according to the Amendment is to promote equity and to prevent unjustified cash-flow advantages granted to taxable persons who use acquire immovable property, deduct full input VAT and then pay it back o
Den förhärskande straffrättsideologin i Sverige idag är nyklassisk, där proportionalitetsprincipen, ekvivalensprincipen och humanitetsprincipen är ledstjärnor vid utdömande av straff. Principen om proportionalitet innebär att straffen ska vara rättvisa, det vill säga att lika brott ska behandlas lika i ljuset av vilka straff som ska tilldelas. Vid den stora svenska brottsbalksreformen 1989 infördThe prevailing ideology of criminal justice in Sweden is neo-classical. The principles of proportionality, of equivalence and of humanity are the guiding principles of sentencing. The principles of proportionality and of equivalence mean that the punishment should be fair, e.g. the same crime should be treated equally in the light of the penalties. In the large Swedish penal code reform in 1989 t
Enligt den Europeiska konventionen för de mänskliga rättigheterna och de grundläggande friheterna (EKMR) har medlemsstaterna en skyldighet att garantera konventionens fri- och rättigheter till var och en som befinner sig inom deras jurisdiktion. Det är sedan länge klart att staterna främst har denna skyldighet inom sitt eget territorium. Europadomstolen har emellertid klargjort att EKMR i exceptioAccording to the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) states have an obligation to secure, to everyone within their jurisdiction, the rights prescribed in the Convention. Already at the drafting of the ECHR, it was clear that the states mainly had this obligation within their own territories. However, the European Court of Human Rights (the Court) has found that the
Uppsatsens syfte är att utreda vilka möjligheter det finns att ingå ett avtal trots parts passivitet. Begreppet passivitet används i betydelsen underlåtenhet att agera när part, under en process till synes syftande till att avtal ska ingås, normalt kan förväntas agera genom en positiv viljeförklaring, ett nekande eller ett förtydligande. Innan passivitetsfrågan behandlas närmare presenteras den The purpose of this essay is to investigate the possibilities of entering into a binding agreement despite the passivity of one of the parties. The term passivity is used to denote the lack of action when a party, during a process with the apparent aim of entering into an agreement, typically can be expected to act through a declaration of intent, a refusal or a clarification. Before a closer en
(Musicality in acting: musicality as a standard and an educational goal for Western spoken theatre) Abstract This thesis takes its point of departure in the prominent use of the term ’musicality’ as a prestige word in theatre discourse where, obviously, not exactly the same reference and meaning is ascribed to the concept as in contexts of music. There seems to be very little previous research in
I 24 kap. BrB återfinns olika ansvarsfrihetsbestämmelser som medför att en annars brottslig handling går fri från straffrättsligt ansvar. I vissa fall kan ansvarsfrihet även meddelas utan uttryckligt lagstöd. I doktrin och praxis har ansvarsfrihet utan lagstöd inte sällan diskuterats vid olika samtyckeshandlingar, då samtycket, en lagreglerad ansvarsfrihetsbestämmelse i 24 kap. BrB, inte ensamt anIn the Swedish penal code (Brottsbalken) lawful defences to criminal acts are set out in chapter twenty-four. Even though an act is formally considered a crime, these defences exclude criminal responsibility. Several of the defences have been created in case law and some of them are still applied without formal support of the penal code. The purpose of this paper is to explore, examine and analyse
Denna uppsats behandlar några av de frågetecken som uppkommer vid tillämpningen av artikel 102 i Fördraget om Europeiska unionens funktionssätt i förhållande till evergreening av läkemedelspatent. Begreppet evergreening syftar till ett flertal olika patentstrategier som har för avsikt att förlänga den privilegierade position som en patenthavare åtnjuter när hans eller hennes produkt skyddas av ensThis thesis identifies some of the uncertainties surrounding the application of Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) to evergreening of pharmaceutical patens. The concept of ever¬greening refers to a multitude of strategies adopted by patent holders with the aim to extend the privileged position that the patentee holds due to this exclusive right. Evergreening
The background to Public Procurement of Innovation (PPI) is a Procuring Agency’s active promotion of innovative solutions. PPI consists of the following parts: The Agency firstly formulates a need for an innovative solution to a certain problem. The agency then develops the innovative idea through a structured development process and, lastly, purchases the developed solution in order to both meet
En fastighetsaffär är för många privatpersoner den överlägset största affären de gör i hela livet. Varje år säljs och köps småhus för över 124 miljarder. En undersökning från Länsförsäkringar visar att en tredjedel av alla köpare oroar sig för förekomsten av ”dolda fel” i den köpta fastigheten. Mot bakgrund av den oron är det inte så konstigt att konsumentrådgivningar och liknande organisationer fA real estate transaction is for many individuals by far the largest transaction they make throughout life. Each year, sold and bought houses makes up for a value of more than 124 billion SEK. A survey, by the insurance company Länsförsäkringar, shows that one third of all buyers are concerned about the existence of "latent defects" in the purchased property. Given the turmoil, it is not
