Filtyp
Adipose tissue does not only store and release energy in response to hormones, it is also known as an endocrine organ, secreting important factors and hormones that influence for example appetite and insulin sensitivity. The association of type 2 diabetes with obesity has been known for quite some time. Understanding the cellular mechanisms of adipocyte function is of great importance in understan
Liquid-liquid phase separation occurs in young mammalian eye lenses and in concentrated solutions of isolated eye lens proteins, and has been linked to some forms of cataract. Here we study theoretically the protein compositions and cloud temperatures of two separated equilibrium phases that form out of concentrated mixtures of model proteins, chosen to have properties similar to those which repro
Recently, fish farming instead of traditional agriculture has been seen as a way to increase agricultural profits from saline affected land. Concerns, however, have been raised that fish farming may increase the salinity problems. In the salinity affected soils of the El-Salam canal project area in Egypt, farmers are giving tip traditional farming for fish farming due to possibilities to increase
Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee involving predominantly the medial tibiofemoral compartment is common in older people, giving rise to pain and loss of function. Many people experience progressive worsening of the disease over time, particularly those with varus malalignment and increased medial knee joint load. Therefore, interventions that can reduce excessive medial knee loading may be be
Corporate Social Responsibility is today a recognised concept companies have to act on in order to meet the stakeholders’ increased demands. An increased environmental debate in the society as well as increased regulations requires companies to focus on environmental questions to a greater extent than before. Companies need to control their environmental performance and focus on their significant
This project is set at the crossing of two burning topics of our time: the often ignored problematics of displaced people around the world; and the recently much more debated question of global warming. That these seemingly diverse thematics are deeply connected with each other becomes clear just by reading the IPCC* report from 2007 on global warming. As this report suggests, the real danger lies
Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda hur en förändring av det solidariska ansvaret för ungdomar hade överensstämt med skadeståndets övergripande funktioner. Anledningen till denna utredning är att Kronofogdemyndigheten och Barnombudsmannen påtalat att ungdomar i omfattande utsträckning drabbas negativt av att åläggas solidariskt skadeståndsansvar, och att en förändring av det solidariska ansvareThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how a change of joint responsibility for youths would correlate with the overall functions of tort law. The reason a change might be considered lies in a paper written by Kronofogdemyndigheten (Swedish state enforcement agency) and Barnombudsmannen (children's ombudsman) pointing out the negative economic effects the joint and several liability impos
The adage “think global, act local” can be a fitting description of how to address climate change. Municipalities are often responsible for implementing the measures required to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and shift to a more climate-neutral development trajectory. However, there is a vast spectrum of municipal ambition regarding climate, and not all municipalities manage to have robust and am
It is clear that media advertising is one of the crucial marketing tools for companies in order to promote their products and services. As we are moving towards more and more economic integration, both on a regional and global scale, the question about standardisation of media advertising has become increasingly important and is nowadays subject to discussion in most international companies. This
The aim of this study is to investigate the concept of transfer of an undertaking and apply the result to in the retailing branch. The questions to be answered are: What is included in the concept of transfer of an undertaking? When is a transfer within retailing to be concidered as a transfer according to article 1.1 in the directive 2001/23/EG and in 6 b § LAS? In 1977 the directive 77/187/EG wa
The Treaty provisions regulating the free movement of goods are articles 28 to 31 EEC (former articles 30 to 36). Article 28 prohibits Member States from discriminating, that is, favouring or in any other way putting its domestic products at an advantage against imported products unless the Member State can find just cause under article 30 (former article 36) for its practices. For a national meas
Den svenska lagen på upphandlingsområdet för den klassiska sektorn, lagen om offentlig upphandling (LOU), bygger på upphandlingsdirektiv grundande på EU-fördragets bestämmelser om fri rörlighet för varor och tjänster. Rättsmedelsdirektivet, direktiv 89/665/EEG, som syftar till att säkerställa efterlevanden av upphandlingsreglerna, tillkom i början av 90-talet. Direktivet lämnade dock stort utrymmeThe Swedish law on procurement is based on Community Directives on public procurement establishing fundamental EU Treaty principles such as the principles of free movement of goods and services. The Remedies Directive (89/665/EEC), entering into force in the beginning of the 90´s, was adopted to ensure that effective and rapid remedies are available to aggrieved bidders. However, the directive let
Minskning av resultatet i svenska bolag genom koncerninterna upplåningar är ett relativt enkelt skatteplaneringsförfarande som syftar till att reducera de totala skattekostnaderna i en internationell koncern. Förfarandet går generellt till så att ett svenskt bolag tar upp ett lån från ett annat bolag inom koncernen etablerat i ett lågskatteland. Räntan som löper på lånet dras som en kostnad i det Reduction of the result in Swedish companies through intercompany bor-rowings is a relatively simple tax planning procedure aimed to reduce the fiscal costs in an international corporate group. The procedure is generally composed of a Swedish company raising a loan from another company within the group established in a low-tax country. The interest on the loan is deductible in the Swedish company,
The criticism towards agricultural use of sewage sludge tends to occur in ten year cycles; the debate has begun once more. The aim of this study is to evaluate current policy for agricultural use of sewage sludge, by investigating how pollutants within the sludge are affected. Two types of substances; a heavy metal (cadmium) and an organic substance(nonylphenol), are used to illustrate possible st
The topic of this thesis is subjectless clauses in Old Swedish (1225–1526). The thesis focuses on referential subjects, and addresses the problem of why the possibilities to leave out such subjects have been reduced during the history of Swedish. The dissertation consists of three main parts, divided into eight chapters. In the first part, chapters 1–3, the aims are presented and a theoretical bac
Almost all states around the world have ratified the ICCPR and ICESCR in which the main human rights standards are stipulated. Many have accepted the other relevant international human rights instruments including CRC, CERD, CEDAW and CAT. Many have also incorporated human rights provisions in their Constitutions. Ethiopia is one of the countries that have ratified all the major human rights instr
As the overall United Nations (UN) machinery embarks on its continuous road of reformation, more particularly as it relates to reforming its Human Rights System, this Thesis sets out to critically examine the effect of this process on one aspect of the latter System: international minority rights. And even more specifically in this regard, the primary focus is on the now-abolished (or as some say
Since the accomplishment of the first conventional securitisation transaction in the beginning of the 1980's, both conventional- and synthetic securitisation have played an important role in corporate finance and risk management. Banks and corporations have used these advanced financial instruments to, for example, obtain new funding for big investments, improve balance sheet characteristics a
Allteftersom hotet från sjöröveri har växt under 2000-talet har rederinäringen tvingats hitta sätt att hantera och fördela riskerna. Denna uppsats behandlar branschens kanske främsta riskfördelningsinstrument (i förhållande till sjöröveri) – standardavtal och försäkringar. I första hand ligger fokus på standardavtalens klausuler om “off-hire”. I andra hand tas även frågor om kringliggande klausuleAs the threat of piracy has gradually grown by the early 21st century the shipping industry has been forced to find ways to handle and apportion risks. In regard of piracy this thesis treats two main risk handling tools of the shipping industry – the standard forms and insurance. Focus lies mainly with the standard form clauses on “off-hire”. Also related clauses will be brought under the light as
