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One of the overall main purposes for a structural engineer is to design structures and structural elements so that they meet society’s safety requirements, yet use as little material as possible. In order to do so, the designer has to understand and simplify a complex reality. The strut-and-tie method is such a simplification model which allows engineers to design reinforced concrete structures wh
Nowadays, innovation and technological development are considered as crucial for the development and economic growth of regions and nations. Knowledge interactions hold a central position in the innovation process. In line with this, researchers as well as politicians emphasize that knowledge interactions need to be facilitated. This approach has been adapted to the cross-border regional context a
Author: Hanna Hansson Title: A problem in alteration - A study of the construction of men's violence against women as a social problem [Translated title] Supervisor: Stig Linde Assessor: Ingrid Sahlin The purpose of this study was to examine the constrution of men’s violence against women. More specific, the aim was to look at the consequenses of these changes in the construction of victims a
Syftet med denna uppsats är att, med en rättsdogmatisk metod, utreda huruvida en styvförälder kan inta ställning som skyddsgarant för sina styvbarn och därigenom hållas ansvarig för ett oäkta underlåtenhetsbrott. En förutsättning för att en person ska kunna hållas straffrättsligt ansvarig för att genom underlåtenhet orsaka en viss effekt är att hen befinner sig i garantställning. Att en sådan stälThe purpose of this essay is to, by using a traditional judicial method, study whether a stepparent has a special duty to act in order to protect her stepchild and therefore if the stepparent can be held responsible for neglecting to do so. A prerequisite for the actualization of criminal liability based on omission is that person concerned has omitted a special duty to act. A self-evident basis
På grund av den världsomfattande diskussionen rörande ”klimatförändringen” som pågått under de senaste åren, så har försök gjorts för att få människor att ändra sina vanor och för att hitta alternativa energikällor. I dag är det fossila bränslen som dominerar som energikällor men eftersom de ger upphov till höga koldioxidhalter pågår det forskning för att ta fram alternativa bränslen. En grupp av
The Maha Oya river mouth, located on the west coast of Sri Lanka, is seasonally closed by a sand bar formed at the river mouth due to little rainfall and thus little river discharge. A new Outlet, located just north of the Maha Oya river mouth, was created by the 2004 tsunami. The Outlet remains open all year because of its location in the lee of an offshore breakwater. When the Maha Oya river mou
In Sweden rises the competition between construction companies and they are struggling to get projects while they need to perform them at a good profit. The situation is forcing companies to continually develop and streamline their organization while they have high goals in environmental, occupational health, safety and ethics. An important part of the work to streamline companies is that the purc
As a social worker you often meet children that are exposed to harmful environments in one way or another. Children who grow up in these circumstances could easily be forgotten, there-fore it is vital that these children are brought to attention. In these situations it´s necessary to find which positiv measures would be benefitial for these children. The internet is an expan-sive resource due to t
The purpose of this paper is to examine the reasons or motives for firms with enough capital investment, thus not financially incapacitated, but still utilizing some form of financial bootstrapping in their daily operations. This paper uses the empirical findings on techniques and motives for bootstrapping according to Winborg and Landström (2001) and Winborg (2009) as a basis for analysis to eval
Popular science summary: Monitoring subcellular localization of Spx, YjbH, and ClpX in Bacillus subtilis Bacteria are exposed to continuous stress that causes damage to the cell. Therefore, they have developed stress responses that enable them to overcome stress and survive. Oxidizing elements is one kind of stress that bacteria have to deal with. To investigate how bacteria cope with this ki
Organic solar cells made of polymers are an attractive alternative to the conventional solar cells which are commercially used today. The polymer solar cell is cheap to produce, due to the high absorption coefficients which limits the needed thickness of the material and due to the simple manufacturing process, which doesn’t demand high temperatures. However, the efficiencies of polymer solar cell
Sammanfattning Straffrättslig särbehandling av psykiskt störda lagöverträdare har funnits i alla tider. Bedömningen kring det straffrättsliga ansvaret är en komplicerad process och blir ännu mer problematisk om brottet begåtts under påverkan av ett avvikande psykiskt tillstånd. Enligt den svenska lagstiftningen kan alla personer anses ha förövat brott. Ur denna aspekt är Sverige tämligen unikt då Summary Judicial consideration in criminal law of mentally disordered offenders has existed throughout history. The assessment regarding the criminal liability of a person is a complicated process and becomes even more problematic if the offense was committed during an abnormal or permanent mental disorder. Under Swedish law, all persons are deemed to have the capability to commit a crime. Sweden
Individuell lönesättning är ett intressant och aktuellt begrepp som inte har behandlats något märkbart i svensk forskning. Lönesättningen är något som berör alla parter på arbetsmarknaden och som också får dess riktlinjer bestämda av parterna då någon lagreglering inte finns. Arbetsmarknadens historia har präglat hur den individuella lönesättningen ser ut idag. De starkt centraliserade avtalen komIndividual setting of wage rates is of particular interest at the present time, but despite this interest, there does not appear to be much research on this subject. The setting of wage rates concerns all aspects of the labour market. Wage rates are not legally regulated but are set by the labour market itself. The history of the labour market has characterized the position of the setting of wage
Uttrar och viltkameror: Att avslöja artens ekologi Uttern (Lutra lutra) är ett semiakvatiskt mårddjur som främst äter fisk. Efter nära utrotning på 1900-talet är den svenska populationen nu på uppgång, med omkring 4000 reproducerande individer. Uttern är en skygg art, och mycket är därför oklart kring dess ekologi. För att säkra artens framtid i Sverige behövs mer kunskap, särskilt lokalt. Denna The otter (Lutra lutra) is a cryptic, semi-aquatic mustelid, with several uncertainties regarding its ecology and reproductive success in Sweden. To ensure future conservation, distribution and population estimates are needed and the ecological knowledge gaps must be filled in. This study aimed to examine three ecological factors possibly related to the occurrence and distribution of the Scanian o
År 2014 infördes en möjlighet till nedsättningen av arbetsgivaravgifter för personer som arbetar med forskning och utveckling (FoU), hädanefter kallat forskningsavdrag. Syftet var att stärka Sveriges tillväxtmöjligheter genom att skapa incitament för företag att satsa på FoU-projekt, men reglerna har kritiserats på grund av upplevda brister i rättssäkerheten. Näringslivsrepresentanter hävdar att rThe possibility of reducing employer fees for people working in research and development (R&D), hereafter referred to as research deductions, was introduced in 2014. The aim was to strengthen Sweden's growth opportunities by creating incentives for companies to invest in R&D projects. However, criticism has arisen due to perceived legal uncertainty. Business representatives contend tha
Abort har länge varit en kontroversiell fråga med svåra juridiska och etiska gränsdragningar. År 2021 införde Polen lagar som kraftigt begränsade kvinnors rätt till abort. Genom det uppmärksammade fallet Dobbs v. Jackson år 2022 togs den konstitutionellt skyddade aborträtten bort i USA. Dessa händelser ledde till att Sveriges regering år 2023 tillsatte en utredning gällande möjligheten att införa The subject of abortion has long been a controversial issue consisting of diffi-cult legal and ethical questions. In 2021, Poland introduced new restrictive laws which severely restricts women’s right to abortion. The verdict from the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of Dobbs v. Jackson in 2022 overturned the verdict of Roe v. Jackson from 1973 which ensured a right to abortion throu
This study determines the technical and economic feasibility of separating dye from a process filtrate in industrial textile recycling using electrocoagulation or sequences of membrane filtration with microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis. The lower requirements for treating this stream, compared to previously researched dyehouse effluents, left treatments not good eCost efficient membrane filtration can make textile recycling more sustainable by separating the dyes from the solvents. To make the textile industry sustainable it must become circular by recycling textiles. Currently textile recycling use, discard and emit water, chemicals, water-based solvents, and dye when these could instead be used cyclically. For example, the solvents used to remove the dye
Under Nato-förhandlingarna väckte Turkiets president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan ännu en gång frågan om Turkiet kan bli välkomnat in i EU. Examensarbetet undersöker Turkiets tillkortakommanden gällande sitt anslutande till EU, med fokus på kurders mänskliga rättigheter genom att besvara frågeställningarna: hur ser kurders mänskliga rättigheter ut i Turkiet idag och vilka åtgärder behöver Turkiet göra förDuring the Swedish NATO negotiations, the Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan once again raised the question of whether Türkiye could be welcomed into the EU. This thesis examines Türkiye’s shortcomings concerning their EU accession, focusing on the human rights of Kurdish people by answering the research questions: what is the state of human rights of the Kurd-ish people in Türkiye, and what c
A new pharmaceutical product suitable to act as a negative contrast agent for Computerized Scan (CT-scan) of the abdomen is under development. At the moment the product has the form of a powder, which when dispersed in water and whipped, gives a stable foam. The foam is ingested by individuals who are about to undergo a CT-scan, as a prior preparation step. The powder form has disadvantages such a
