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The potential for using macaques to create a nonhuman diabetic model was investigated. The significant objectives were to determine a) prognosis of STZ induced permanent beta cell destruction in nonhuman primates, and b) the potential to use STZ treated animals in a model of autoimmune diabetes by following adoptively transferred lymphocytes into MHC identical macaques. Beta cell impairment was ac
Background:: Strategies for the involvement of primary care in the management of patients with presumed or diagnosed dementia are heterogeneous across Europe. We wanted to explore attitudes of primary care physicians (PCPs) when managing dementia: (i) the most popular cognitive tests, (ii) who had the right to initiate or continue cholinesterase inhibitor or memantine treatment, and (iii) the rela
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Mobility disability (MD) and obesity are conditions which have been associated with weaker labour market attachment. This study investigates whether the combined burden of MD and obesity increase the risk of disability pension compared with having only one of these conditions (the reference group).METHODS: A nationwide cohort study, based on national surveys made between 1996 and
textcopyright 2017 John Wiley Sons Ltd.Across several animal taxa, the evolution of sociality involves a suite of characteristics, a "social syndrome," that includes cooperative breeding, reproductive skew, primary female-biased sex ratio, and the transition from outcrossing to inbreeding mating system, factors that are expected to reduce effective population size (Ne). This social syndrome may be
The biogeographic histories of parasites and pathogens are infrequently compared with those of free-living species, including their hosts. Documenting the frequency with which parasites and pathogens disperse across geographic regions contributes to understanding not only their evolution, but also the likelihood that they may become emerging infectious diseases. Haemosporidian parasites of birds (
Birds, particularly raptors, are believed to forage primarily using visual cues. However, raptor foraging tactics are highly diverse – from chasing mobile prey to scavenging – which may reflect adaptations of their visual systems. To investigate this, we studied the visual field configuration of 15 species of diurnal Accipitriformes that differ in such tactics, first focusing on the binocular fiel
In the central part of the External Dinarides in Plavno, Croatia, near Knin, a remarkably thick (927.5 m) Early Triassic depositional sequence was investigated. The Plavno sequence starts in the EarlyGriesbachian and ends with a continuous transition into the Anisian strata. A complete 13C isotope curve has been achieved and combined with conodonts, bivalves and ammonoids to establish and correlat
Diffusion MRI yields parameters sensitive to brain tissue microstructure. A structurally important aspect of this microstructure is the myelin wrapping around the axons. This study investigated the forward problem concerning whether water exchange via the spiraling structure of the myelin can meaningfully contribute to the signal in dMRI. Monte Carlo simulations were performed of a system with int
Peptide self-assembly is a spontaneous process, ubiquitous in nature for the creation of highly ordered and complex biological structures, making it a sought after technique in the development of novel biocompatible materials. The process is also strongly associated with various neurodegenerative diseases in the formation of amyloid plaques in diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, where fu
Investigating the spatiotemporal distribution of climate data and their impact on the allocation of the regional aridity and meteorological drought, particularly in semi-arid and arid climate, it is critical to evaluate the climate variability effect and propose sufficient adaptation strategies. The coefficient of variation, precipitation concentration index and anomaly index were used to evaluate
To study the formation and characterize the structure of mixed complexes of oppositely charged block copolymers and surfactants are of great significance for practical applications, e.g., in drug carrier formulations that are based on electrostatically assisted assembly. In this context, biocompatible block copolymers and biosurfactants (like bile salts) are particularly interesting. In this work,
Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (TFETs) are an emerging alternative to CMOS for ultralow power and neuromorphic applications. The off current (Ioff) and, hence, the subthreshold swing (S) in these devices are limited by ambipolarity, which degrades its capabilities in complementary circuits. Here, we investigate experimentally vertical InAs/InGaAsSb/GaSb nanowire TFETs with gate-drain underlap as
In cities, land-use decisions made during planning processes determine the availability of ecosystem services fundamental to the wellbeing of urban population. Hence, the inclusion of ecosystem services in planning is essential to promote sustainable urban development. This article investigates to what extent ecosystem services are currently included in urban plans. The ultimate objective is to un
Rapid urbanization has placed the sustainable development of some watershed ecosystems in jeopardy. In order to achieve sustainable urban development, it is vital to identify the coupling mechanisms between urbanization and the ecological environment quality. This study establishes indicators to evaluate the Jiulong River Basin’s urbanization and ecological environment systems. These are utilized
The CoSn structure type contains large interstitial void spaces that frequently host electropositive guest atoms, such as rare earth elements. In this stuffing process, an intriguing ordering occurs between the neighboring void spaces leading to a family of long-period superstructures comprising intergrowths of the ScFe6Ge6 and ScFe6Ga 6 structure types. This superstucture ordering culminates in i
Heavy metals are some of the most persistent and potent anthropogenic environmental contaminants. Although heavy metals may compromise microbial communities and soil fertility, it is challenging to causally link microbial responses to heavy metals due to various confounding factors, including correlated soil physicochemistry or nutrient availability. A solution is to investigate whether tolerance
Organometal halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention for optoelectronic applications. Charge carrier trapping is one of the dominant processes often deteriorating the performance of devices. Here, we investigate the details of trap behavior in colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskites with mean size of 8 nm and the corresponding bulk crystals (BCs). We use excitation i
Objective: Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) commonly share hyperactive JAK-STAT signaling affecting hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and their progeny. The JAK1/2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib has remarkable clinical efficacy, including spleen reduction, improvement of constitutional symptoms, and bone marrow (BM) fibrosis reversal. Whether this is due to inhibition of JAK2-mutated
Background and purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether treatment information from medical records can be used to estimate radiation doses to heart and lungs retrospectively in pediatric patients receiving spinal irradiation with conventional posterior fields. Material and methods: An algorithm for retrospective dosimetry in children treated with spinal irradiation was develop
